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Saunders Comprehensive Review For The NCLEX-RN Examination, 8 Ed.
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40 - Immune Problems and Infectious Diseases

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Saunders Comprehensive Review For The NCLEX-RN Examination, 8 Ed. | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid

40 - Immune Problems and Infectious Diseases
25 Picmonics to Learn | 55 mins
HIV CD4+ 100
Signs and Symptoms
Aspergillus fumigatus
Cryptococcus neoformans
Candida albicans (Esophagitis)
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) B-cell lymphoma
Toxoplasma gondii
Cryptosporidium
Bartonella henselae
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5 mins
HIV CD4+ 200
Signs and Symptoms
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
JC Virus
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
(HIV) Dementia
Histoplasmosis
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3 mins
HIV CD4+ 500
Signs and Symptoms
Candida albicans (Oral Thrush)
Kaposi's Sarcoma (HHV-8)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Epstein-Barr Virus (Oral Hairy Leukoplakia)
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3 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Assessment
Assessment
RNA Retrovirus
CD4+ Helper T Cells
Primary Infection
Flu-like Symptoms
Lymphadenopathy
Symptomatic Stage
Fatigue
Diarrhea
Unexplained Weight Loss
White Spots on Tongue
Persistent Fever
Night Sweats
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2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Stages
Primary Infection
Within 3 Weeks
Flu-like Symptoms
Asymptomatic Stage
Years
Symptomatic Stage
CD4+ < 500
AIDS
Opportunistic Infections
CD4+ < 200
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2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Diagnosis
HIV-1/2 Antigen/Antibody Immunoassay
HIV-1/2 Antibody Differentiation Immunoassay
Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT)
Viral Load
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Neonates
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3 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Interventions
Interventions
Adequate Nutrition
Small Frequent Meals
IV Hydration
Emotional Support
HIV Medications
HAART
Considerations
Transmission Education
Strict Asepsis for Invasive Procedures
Treat Opportunistic Infections
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2 mins
HIV Prophylaxis Medications
CD4+ < 200
TMP-SMX
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
CD4+ < 100 Susceptible to Toxoplasma Gondii
CD4+ < 50
Mycobacterium Avium and Intracellulare
Azithromycin If Delayed Therapy
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2 mins
Rubeola (Measles)
Mechanism
Virus
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Red Maculopapular Rash
3 C's
Photophobia
Koplik Spots
Considerations
MMR Vaccination
Antipyretics
Vitamin A Supplementation
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2 mins
Roseola
Exanthem
Herpesvirus 6
Enveloped
Double Stranded DNA
Linear
Signs and Symptoms
High Fevers Can Lead to Seizures
Diffuse Macular Rash After Fever
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1 min
Rubella
Mechanism
Rubella Virus
Signs and Symptoms
Swollen Glands
Cold-like Symptoms
Pinkish-red Maculopapular Rash
Low Grade Fever
Considerations
Rubella Titer
Avoid Contact with Pregnant Women
MMR Vaccination
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2 mins
Mumps (Parotitis)
Mechanism
Paramyxovirus
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Headache
Earache
Orchitis
Pain and Swelling of Parotid Glands
Considerations
MMR Vaccination
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1 min
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Mechanism
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
Signs and Symptoms
Red Maculopapular Rash
Vesicles Ooze and Crust
Pruritus
Centripetal
Considerations
Varicella Immunization
Skin Care to Minimize Itching
Isolate until Vesicles Crust
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2 mins
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
Herpesvirus 3
Characteristics
Enveloped
Double Stranded DNA
Signs and Symptoms
Chickenpox
Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Trigeminal and Dorsal Root Ganglia
Shingles
Diagnosis
Tzanck Test
Multinucleated Giant Cells
Cowdry A Inclusion
Treatment
Acyclovir
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2 mins
Bordetella pertussis
Pathophysiology
Gram-Negative
Coccobacillus
Bordet-Gengou Agar
ADP Ribosylating AB Toxin
Inhibits Gi to cause Increase in cAMP
Signs AND Symptoms
Lymphocytosis
Increase in Insulin
Catarrhal Phase is Infectious Period
Paroxysmal Phase is Symptomatic Period
Whooping Cough
Treatment
Macrolides
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4 mins
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Exotoxin
ADP Ribosylation of Elongation Factor 2
Beta Prophage
Lysogeny
Tellurite Agar
Chinese Letters
Metachromatic Blue Red Granules
Aniline Stains Deeply Methylene Blue
Signs and Symptoms
Pseudomembranous Pharyngitis
Lymphadenopathy
Myocarditis
Polyneuritis
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3 mins
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Characteristics
Non-enveloped
Circular
Double Stranded DNA
Disease
Warts 1, 2, 6, 11
Condyloma acuminata
Type 16, 18
Cervical Carcinoma
Penile Carcinoma
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Worsened by Smoking
Diagnosis
Koilocytic change in squamous epithelium
Pyknotic Nuclei Surrounded by Clear Halo
Treatment
Vaccine Available
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4 mins
Pediatric Vaccinations - Age 2 Months
2 B DR HIP
Hepatitis B
DTaP - Diphtheria Tetanus acellular Pertussis
RV - Rotavirus
HiB - Haemophilus Influenzae Type B
IPV - Inactivated Polio Vaccine
PCV - Pneumococcal
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1 min
Pediatric Vaccinations - Age 4 Months
4 DR HIP
DTaP - Diphtheria Tetanus acellular pertussis
RV - Rotavirus
HiB - Haemophilus Influenzae Type B
IPV - Inactivated Polio Vaccine
PCV - Pneumococcal
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1 min
Pediatric Vaccinations - Age 6 Months
B DR HIP In 6 Months
Hepatitis B
DTaP - Diphtheria Tetanus acellular pertussis
RV - Rotavirus
HiB - Haemophilus Influenzae Type B
IPV - Inactivated Polio Vaccine
PCV - Pneumococcal
Influenza
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2 mins
Pediatric Vaccinations - Age 12 to 15 Months
1 Very MAD HIP-ster
Varicella Zoster
MMR
Hepatitis A
DTaP - Diphtheria Tetanus acellular pertussis
HiB - Haemophilus Influenzae Type B
IPV - Inactivated Polio Vaccine
PCV - Pneumococcal
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2 mins
Pediatric Vaccinations Age 4-6 Years
Very DIM between 4-6pm
Varicella Zoster
DTaP - Diphtheria Tetanus acellular pertussis
IPV - Inactivated Polio Vaccine
MMR
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1 min
Haemophilus Influenzae Disease
Disease
Pneumonia
Cherry Red Epiglottitis
Meningitis
Otitis Media
COPD Exacerbation
Thumbprint Sign (on X-ray)
Treatment
Rifampin Prophylaxis
Ceftriaxone
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2 mins
Haemophilus influenzae Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Coccobacilli
PRP Capsule in Type B
Positive Quellung Reaction
IgA Protease
Chocolate Agar
Factor V is NAD
Factor X is Hematin
Staph Aureus Provides Factor V
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2 mins
Guillain-Barre Syndrome Assessment
Assessment
Ascending Paralysis
Muscle Weakness
Paresthesias (Pins and Needles)
Diplopia
Difficulty Speaking
Dysphagia
Labile Blood Pressure
Loss of Bowel and Bladder Control
Considerations
Aggressive Airway Management
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2 mins

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