Types of Fractures
- Nondisplaced
 - Displaced
 - Incomplete
 - Complete
 - Closed
 - Open
 - Direction of Fracture Line
 
Compartment Syndrome Assessment
- Trauma
 - Increased Pressure
 - Compressed Nerves and Blood Vessels
 - 1 or more of 6 P's
 - Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)
 - May take Days to develop
 - Early Detection
 - Ischemia
 - Damage often Irreversible
 
Compartment Syndrome Interventions
- Frequent Neurovascular Assessments
 - Evaluate Pain
 - Do Not Elevate Extremity
 - Remove or Loosen Restrictive Items
 - Fasciotomy
 - Amputation
 - Infection
 - Monitor Urine Output
 
Sizing Crutches
- 3 Finger Widths
 - 6 Inches Lateral From Heel
 - 30 Degree Flexion
 - Tripod Position
 
Walker
- Walker with Affected Leg
 - Sizing a Walker
 - Rubber Tips for Safety
 
Hip Fracture
- External Rotation
 - Muscle Spasms
 - Shortened Leg
 - Pain
 - Buck's Traction
 - Analgesics
 - Surgery
 - Avascular Necrosis
 
Total Knee Replacement (TKR)
- Joint Pain (Uncontrolled)
 - Impaired Mobility
 - Compression Dressing
 - Frequent Neurovascular Assessments
 - Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) Devices
 - Early Ambulation
 - Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis
 - Limit Flexion Positions
 - Monitor for Infection
 
Herniated Disc (Nucleus Pulposus)
- Spine Trauma
 - Natural Degeneration
 - Spinal Stenosis
 - Pain
 - Weakness
 - Urinary and Fecal Incontinence
 - Brace
 - Medications
 - Outpatient Procedures
 - Surgery
 
Rheumatoid Arthritis Assessment
- Destruction of Connective Tissue and Synovial Membrane
 - Inflammation of Joints
 - Morning Stiffness
 - Nodules
 - Joint Deformities
 
Rheumatoid Arthritis Interventions
- Heat and Cold Applications
 - Therapeutic Exercise
 - Balance Rest and Activity
 - NSAIDs
 - DMARDs
 - Glucocorticoids
 - PT/OT
 - Reconstructive Joint Surgery
 
Osteoarthritis Assessment
- Aging
 - Articular Cartilage Destruction
 - Biomechanical Stress
 - Asymmetric
 - Pain Decreases with Rest
 - Morning Stiffness under 30 Minutes
 - Crepitus
 - DIP and PIP Joints
 
Osteoarthritis Interventions
- Balance Rest and Activity
 - Therapeutic Exercise
 - Heat and Cold Applications
 - Intra-articular Injection
 - NSAIDs
 - Reconstructive Joint Surgery
 
Osteoporosis Assessment
- Postmenopausal Women
 - Long Term Corticosteroids
 - Kyphosis
 - Dowager's Hump
 - Loss of Height
 - Back Pain
 - Pathologic Fractures
 - Spinal Compression Fracture
 
Osteoporosis Interventions
- Increased Calcium Intake
 - Vitamin D Supplements
 - Bisphosphonates
 - Raloxifene
 - Denosumab
 - Calcitonin
 - Teriparatide
 - Bone Densitometry (DEXA) Scan
 - Weight Bearing Exercises
 
Gout Disease
- Acute Inflammatory Monoarthritis
 - Primarily in Males
 - Precipitation of Monosodium Urate Crystals
 - Underexcretion of Uric Acid
 - Overproduction of Uric Acid
 - Negatively Birefringent, Needle-Shaped
 - Swollen, Red, Painful Joint
 - Asymmetric Joint Distribution
 - Podagra
 - Tophus
 - After Large Meal or Alcohol
 
Gout Treatment
- NSAIDs
 - Glucocorticoids
 - Colchicine
 - Impairs Leukocyte Chemotaxis
 - Inhibit Xanthine Oxidase
 - Allopurinol
 - Febuxostat
 - Inhibit Reabsorption of Uric Acid
 - Probenecid