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Neurology, Ophthalmology & Otology | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Malignant Hyperthermia vs. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome vs. Serotonin Syndrome
- Autonomic Instability
- Muscle Rigidity
- Malignant Hyperthermia
- Ryanodine Receptor 1 Mutation
- Inhaled Anesthetics
- Succinylcholine
- Dantrolene
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
- Antidopaminergic Medications
- Hyporeflexia
- Myoglobinuria
- Dantrolene
- Serotonin Syndrome
- Serotonergic Medications
- Hyperreflexia
- Clonus
- Cyproheptadine
3 mins
Glasgow Coma Scale
- LOC Assessment
- Score of 3 to 15
- 8 or Less = Coma
- Eye Opening
- Verbal Response
- Motor Response
1 min
Tardive Dyskinesia
- Signs and Symptoms
- Bizarre Facial Movements
- Bizarre Tongue Movement
- Increased Extremity Movements
- Stiff Neck
- Dysphagia
- Interventions
- Stop Medication
- AIMS
2 mins
Malignant Hyperthermia
- Inheritance
- Autosomal-Dominant
- Pathophysiology and causes
- Ryanodine Receptor 1 Mutation
- Inhaled Anesthetics
- Succinylcholine
- Symptoms
- Autonomic Instability
- Muscle Rigidity
- Treatment
- Dantrolene
2 mins
Serotonin Syndrome Assessment
- Mild Signs & Symptoms
- Restlessness
- Diaphoresis
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Diarrhea
- Moderate Signs & Symptoms
- Hyperthermia
- Decreased Level of Consciousness
- Muscle Rigidity
- Severe Signs & Symptoms
- Seizure and Coma
- Treatment
- Cyproheptadine
2 mins
Chorea and Athetosis
- Characteristics
- Sudden Jerky Movements
- Athetosis
- Snake-like, Writhing Movements
- Basal Ganglia Lesions
- Associations
- Huntington's Disease
- Acute Rheumatic Fever
- Management
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- Tetrabenazine
1 min
Ballismus and Hemiballismus
- Characteristics
- Involuntary Flailing Movements
- Worse with Activity; Improved with Rest
- Basal Ganglia Dysfunction
- Subthalamic Nucleus
- Associations
- Stroke
- Diabetes
- Infection
- Neoplasm
- Treatment
- Antidopaminergic Medications
2 mins
Essential Tremor
- Characteristics
- Most Common Tremor in Adults
- Positive Family History
- Clinical Findings
- Bilateral Upper Extremities
- Worse with Physical and Psychological Stress
- Better with Rest and Alcohol
- Management
- Beta Blockers
- Primidone
1 min
Intention Tremor
- More Apparent With Goal-Directed Movements Such as Using Eating Utensils
- High-Amplitude, Low-Frequency
- More Apparent as Extremity Approaches Target
- Overshooting and Undershooting
- Pathogenesis
- Ipsilateral Cerebellar Damage
- Diagnosis
- Neurologic Exam
- MRI
- Treatment
- Physical or Occupational Therapy
3 mins
Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)
- Tic Douloureux
- Cranial Nerve V - Trigeminal Nerve
- Characteristics
- Stabbing Unilateral Facial Pain
- Facial Spasms
- Psychological Disturbances
- More Common in Women > 60 Years Old
- DIAGNOSIS
- Diagnosis by Clinical Impression
- MRI
- Treatment
- Carbamazepine
- Surgery As Last Resort
3 mins
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
- Pathophysiology
- Misfolded Prion Protein
- Spongiform Encephalopathy
- Subtypes
- Sporadic Type
- Familial Type
- Variant Type
- Iatrogenic Type
- Clinical Manifestations
- Rapidly Progressive
- Dementia
- Ataxia
- Myoclonus
- Diagnosis
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Increased Levels of 14-3-3 Protein
- Periodic Sharp Waves On EEG
- Management
- Supportive Care
4 mins
Pseudotumor Cerebri: Diagnosis and Management
- Diagnosis
- Lumbar Puncture with Increased Opening Pressure
- Normal MRI or CT
- Management
- Weight Loss
- Acetazolamide
- Topiramate
- Surgery
- Avoid Triggers
3 mins
Pseudotumor Cerebri: Risk Factors And Presentation
- Increased Intracranial Pressure With Unknown Etiology
- Risk Factors
- Women of Childbearing Age
- Obesity
- Vitamin A Excess
- Tetracyclines
- Symptoms
- Papilledema
- Headache
- Diplopia
- Cranial Nerve VI (Abducens) Palsy
- No Altered Mental Status
2 mins
Hydrocephalus Types
- Characteristics
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Accumulation
- Types
- Communicating Hydrocephalus
- Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus
- Variants
- Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
- Hydrocephalus Ex Vacuo
3 mins
Sciatica
- Cause
- Compression or Damage to Sciatic Nerve
- Herniated Disc
- Assessment
- Shooting Pain
- Lower Back Down to Thigh
- Interventions
- Anti-Inflammatories
- Steroid Injections
- IDET (Intradiscal Electrothermoplasty)
- Considerations
- Straight-leg Raising Test
2 mins
Adrenoleukodystrophy
- Pathophysiology
- X-linked Recessive
- Peroxisome Dysfunction
- ABCD1 Mutation
- Presentation
- Adrenal Insufficiency
- Leukoencephalopathy
- Testicular Insufficiency
- Diagnosis
- Increased Very Long-chain Fatty Acids (VLCFA)
- Demyelination
- Genetic Testing
- Treatment
- Lorenzo's Oil
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
3 mins
Refsum Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Peroxisome Dysfunction
- Increased Phytanic Acid
- Clinical Features
- Retinitis Pigmentosa
- Hearing Loss
- Polyneuropathy
- Anosmia
- Ataxia
- Diagnosis
- Genetic Testing
- Management
- Dietary Changes
- Plasmapheresis
3 mins
Asterixis
- Characteristics
- Flapping Tremor
- Periodic Loss of Postural Muscle Tone with Arms in Extension
- Corrective Movements
- Hyperammonemia
- Associations
- Liver Disease
- Hepatic Encephalopathy
- Kidney Disease
- Uremia
- Management
- Treat Underlying Disorder
2 mins
Tremor Types
- Resting Tremor
- Postural Tremor
- Essential Tremor
- Physiologic Tremor (Reversible)
- Intention Tremor
- Asterixis (Flapping Tremor)
1 min
Cranial Nerve Pathologies
- Cranial Nerve Pathologies
- Horner Syndrome
- Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Bell's Palsy
- Brain or Brainstem Lesion
- Microvascular Cranial Nerve Palsy
- Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Arnold Chiari Malformation
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- Guillain Barre’ Syndrome
- Parkinson's Disease
3 mins
Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
- Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
- Main TBI Lesions
- Epidural Hematoma
- Subdural Hematoma
- Contusion/ Parenchymal Hemorrhage
- Intraventricular Hematoma
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Diffuse Axonal Injury
3 mins
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