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Microbiology | Medical (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
- Mechanism
- Guanosine Analog
- Inhibits Viral Replication
- Thymidine Kinase Activation
- Indications
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
- Side Effects (Oral)
- Headache
- GI Distress
- Side Effects (IV)
- CNS Toxicity
- Nephrotoxicity (Crystalline Nephropathy)
- Considerations
- Prevents Recurrent Episodes
- Slow IV infusion
2 mins
Ganciclovir
- Indications
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Immunocompromised
- Mechanism
- Guanosine Analog
- Disrupts DNA Synthesis
- Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase
- Side Effects
- Hematologic Effects
- Nephrotoxicity
1 min
Foscarnet
- Indications
- CMV Retinitis
- Acyclovir-resistant HSV
- Mechanism
- Does Not Require Activation (by Viral Kinase)
- Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase
- Pyrophosphate Analog
- Resistance through Mutated DNA Polymerase
- Side Effects
- Nephrotoxicity
- Electrolyte Abnormalities
- Hypokalemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypomagnesemia
2 mins
Cidofovir
- Indications
- CMV Retinitis
- Acyclovir-resistant HSV
- Mechanism
- Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase
- Side Effects
- Nephrotoxicity
- Administer with Probenecid and IV Saline
1 min
Ribavirin
- Mechanism
- Hypermutation in RNA Viruses
- Inhibits Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase
- Indications
- Hepatitis C
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
- Side Effects
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Teratogen
1 min
Zanamivir (Relenza) and Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
- Indications
- Influenza A and B
- Treatment and Prophylaxis
- Mechanism
- Inhibits Release of New Virus
- Inhibits Influenza Neuraminidase
1 min
Fusion Inhibitors
- Indications
- HIV
- Drugs
- Maraviroc
- Binds CCR-5 on T Cells
- Blocks Interaction with gp120
- Enfuvirtide
- Binds gp41
- Inhibits Viral Entry
- Side Effects
- Skin Reactions at Injection Sites (Enfuvirtide)
2 mins
Protease Inhibitors
- End in "-navir"
- Indications
- HIV/AIDS
- Hepatitis C
- Mechanism
- Inhibit Protease
- Unable to Cleave Proteins
- Inhibits Maturation of New Virus
- Side Effects
- GI Distress
- Nephropathy
- Lipodystrophy
- Hyperglycemia
3 mins
Integrase Inhibitors
- -gravir Suffix
- Indications
- HIV
- Mechanism
- Blocks Insertion of Viral Genome
- Inhibit Actions of Integrase
- Side Effects
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Increased LFT's
- Insomnia
- Increased Creatine Kinase (CK)
1 min
HAART
- HIV
- Begin at Diagnosis
- 3 Drugs
- 2 NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
- And one of the following:
- NNRTI (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor)
- or Protease Inhibitor
- or Integrase Inhibitor
2 mins
NNRTIs (Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
- Indications
- HIV
- Mechanism
- Do Not Require Intracellular Metabolism
- Inhibits Reverse Transcriptase
- Side Effects
- Rash
- Hepatotoxicity
- Vivid Dreams and CNS Symptoms
- Contraindication
- Pregnancy
2 mins
NNRTI Drug Names
- Nevirapine (Viramune)
- Rilpivirine (Edurant)
- Delavirdine (DLV, Rescriptor)
- Efavirenz (EFV, Sustiva)
- Etravirine (ETR, Intelence)
54 secs
NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
- Indications
- HIV
- Pregnancy and Prophylaxis given ZDV
- Mechanism
- Inhibit Nucleotide Binding to Reverse Transcriptase
- Chain Termination
- Require Phosphorylation
1 min
NRTIs for HIV (Drug Names)
- Nucleoside Analog
- DEALSZ
- Didanosine (DDI)
- Emtricitabine (FTC)
- Abacavir (ABC)
- Lamivudine (3TC)
- Stavudine (d4T)
- Zidovudine (ZDV)
- Nucleotide Analog
- Tenofovir (TDF)
2 mins
NRTI Toxicity
- Bone Marrow Suppression
- Reverse with G-CSF and Erythropoietin
- Rash
- Neuropathy
- Anemia
- Pancreatitis
- Lactic Acidosis
1 min
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