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Internal Medicine | Medical (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Lab and Diagnostic Tests During Pregnancy (1st Visit)
Diagnosis
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Blood Typing and Rh
Rubella
HIV
Hepatitis B
Tuberculosis Skin Mantoux Test (PPD)
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Chlamydia
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Syphilis
Pap Smears
Urinalysis
Sickle Cell Screening (If Indicated)
2 mins
Lab and Diagnostic Tests During Pregnancy (Other Visits)
Diagnosis
10-13 Weeks
Offer Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
15-18 Weeks
Quad Screen
18-20 Weeks
Ultrasound
Anatomic Screening
24-28 Weeks
One-Hour Glucose Challenge Test
35-37 Weeks
Streptococcus Agalactiae
3 mins
Quad Screen Results Interpretation
Markers
AFP
Estriol
hCG
Inhibin A
Aneuploidies
Down Syndrome = HIgh
Turner Syndrome = Very HIgh
Edward Syndrome = Low HEAp
Patau Syndrome = AFP is Normal
2 mins
TORCHeS Screening
TORCHES
Toxoplasmosis
Other
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Syphilis
Considerations
Diagnostic Testing
3 mins
Cervical Cancer Screening
Women aged 21-65 years old
Pap smear every 3 years
Women aged 30-65 years old
Can opt for Co-testing (Pap Smear + HPV testing) every 5 years
Identify lesions
High grade lesions
Cryotherapy
Loop Excision
Cold knife Conization
2 mins
Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Mammography
Ultrasound
MRI for High Risk Patients
Confirmed with Biopsy
Considerations
Lymph Node Involvement
Receptor Positivity
Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
HER-2
2 mins
Salter-Harris Fracture Classification
SMACK
Slipped Across Physis (Type 1)
Metaphysis and Physis (Type 2)
Articular-Epiphyseal (Type 3)
Complete Metaphysis and Epiphysis (Type 4)
Krushed Physis (Type 5)
2 mins
Blood Pressure Classification (JNC 7)
Classifications
Normal
Systolic (< 120)
Diastolic (< 80)
Prehypertension
Systolic +20 (120-139)
Diastolic +10 (80-89)
Stage 1 Hypertension
Systolic +20 (140-159)
Diastolic +10 (90-99)
Stage 2 Hypertension
Systolic + > 20 (160)
Diastolic + > 10 (100)
Hypertensive Crisis
Systolic > 180
Diastolic > 110
4 mins
Blood Pressure Classification (ACC/AHA 2017)
Classifications
Normal
Systolic Less than 120
Diastolic Less than 80
Elevated
Systolic +10 (120-129)
Diastolic Less than 80
Stage 1 Hypertension
Systolic +10 (130-139)
Diastolic +10 (80-89)
Stage 2 Hypertension
Systolic +40 (140-179)
Diastolic +30 (90-119)
Hypertensive Crisis
Systolic greater than or equal to 180
Diastolic greater than or equal to 120
5 mins
Cancer Warning Signs (CAUTION)
CAUTION
Change in Bowel or Bladder Habits
A Sore That Does Not Heal
Unusual Bleeding or Discharge
Thickening or Lump in the Breast or Elsewhere
Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
Obvious Change to Warts or Moles
Nagging Cough
1 min
Ranson's Criteria on Admission
Use
Mortality Predictor for Acute Pancreatitis
Criteria on Admission
GA LAW (Each is +1)
Glucose > 200 mg/dL
Age > 55 Years
LDH > 350 U/L
AST > 250 U/L
WBC Count > 16,000/mm3
2 mins
Ransons Criteria During First 48 Hours
Use
Mortality Predictor for Acute Pancreatitis
Criteria Present at 48 Hours
C HOBBS (Each is +1)
Calcium < 8.0 mg/dL
Hematocrit Decreased by > 10%
Oxygen (PO2) < 60 mmHg
BUN Increased by Greater or Equal to 5 mg/dL
Base Deficit > 4 mEq/L
Sequestered Fluid > 6 L
3 mins
Pulmonary Hypertension Classification (WHO)
Group 1
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Idiopathic
Hereditary
BMPR2 Mutation
Group 2
Left Heart Disease
Group 3
Lung Diseases or Hypoxia
COPD
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Group 4
Chronic Pulmonary Emboli
Group 5
Multifactorial
2 mins
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