🍪
'Tis the season sale SAVE 30% now
Medicine (MD/DO)
/
Courses
/
Biochemistry
/
Fundamentals of Molecular Biology
/
De Novo Purine Synthesis

Master De Novo Purine Synthesis with Picmonic for Medicine

With Picmonic, facts become pictures. We've taken what the science shows - image mnemonics work - but we've boosted the effectiveness by building and associating memorable characters, interesting audio stories, and built-in quizzing.

DOWNLOAD PDF
De Novo Purine Synthesis

De Novo Purine Synthesis

New Purity-ring Synthesis
Arwa_Bohra
10 KEY FACTS
PRPP SYNTHESIS
Ribose-5-Phosphate
Rib-O (5) Hand Phosphate-P

Ribose is a pentose sugar. It is an integral component of nucleic acids. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and RNA contains ribose sugar. A nucleoside contains base and sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), linked by an N-glycosidic bond, whereas a nucleotide contains a nucleoside linked by a 3'-5' phosphodiester bond. Ribose-5-Phosphate is formed during the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway or the HMP shunt pathway in RBCs.

PRPP (Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate)
PRePPy-boy

Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate is synthesized by PRPP synthase, by combining ribose 5-phosphate with ATP to form PRPP and AMP as a by-product.

IMP SYNTHESIS
Glutamine PRPP Amidotransferase
Glued-Amigo PRePPy-boy Amigo Transformer

In the de-novo synthesis of Purines, Inositol Mono-phosphate is formed from a 10-step reaction.
The first reaction is the rate-limiting reaction and involves the transfer of amino-group from Glutamine to PRPP to form 5-phosphoribosylamine with the help of the enzyme, Glutamine PRPP Amidotransferase. This enzyme is inhibited by the products of purine synthesis, AMP, IMP, and GMP as a part of negative feedback.

Phosphoribosylamine
Rib-O Phosphate-P Amigo

Phosphoribosylamine is formed by the transfer of an amino group from Glutamine to PRPP by Glutamine PRPP Amidotransferase. It is an intermediate between PRPP and IMP. It serves as an intermediate of a complicated 9 step process that involves the addition of carbon and nitrogen moieties to Inositol's cytoskeleton for Purine synthesis.

Folate Cofactor
Foliage Crow-flagger

Folate, in the form of 5,10 Methyl Tetrahydrofolate is required for the synthesis of the Inosine skeleton. It donates, 2 Carbons, one in the 5-membered ring and the other in the 6-membered ring. Thus, folate serves as a substrate in purine synthesis.

Inosine Monophosphate
N-SYNC with Monkey-phosphate

In the Inosine Mono-phosphate ring skeleton, nitrogen is donated by Glutamine(2), Glycine(1), Aspartate(1), and carbon is donated by Glycine(2), Carbon dioxide(1), 10-formyl THF (2). It is noteworthy to know that 4 molecules of ATP are required to form IMP from 5-Phosphoribosylamine.

AMP SYNTHESIS
Adenosine Monophosphate
A-dentist-singing Monkey-phosphate

The IMP skeleton contains 4 Nitrogen and 1 Oxygen, whereas the AMP skeleton contains 5 Nitrogen moieties. Therefore, conversion of IMP to AMP requires the replacement of Oxygen with Nitrogen via the substrate Aspartic Acid to form Adenylosuccinate. This is a high-energy bond and requires GTP for energy. Adenylosuccinate is cleaved to form AMP and release fumarate as a byproduct.

Requires GTP
Gold-TP wrapped Battery

The conversion of the Oxygen moiety (of Inosine Monophosphate) to Nitrogen moiety of (Adenosine Monophosphate) requires a high-energy reaction carried out by Adenosuccinate synthetase with GTP and Aspartate as substrates.

GMP SYNTHESIS
Guanosine Monophosphate
G-iguana Monkey-phosphate

IMP skeleton contains 4 Nitrogen and 1 Oxygen, whereas the GMP skeleton contains 5 Nitrogen and 1 Oxygen moieties. Therefore, conversion of IMP to GMP requires the replacement of Hydrogen with Oxygen first and then, the replacement of Oxygen with Nitrogen. The first reaction involves oxidation and thus, requires a dehydrogenase enzyme and water for the formation of NADH. The second reaction involves trans-amination using Glutamine as a substrate by the action of GMP synthetase. This is a high-energy bond and requires ATP for energy. Adenylosuccinate is cleaved to form AMP and release fumarate as a by-product.

Requires ATP
ATP-battery

The conversion of the Oxygen moiety(of Xanthosine Monophosphate) to Nitrogen moiety of (GMP) requires a high-energy reaction carried out by GMP synthetase with ATP and Glutamine as substrates.

DOWNLOAD PDF

Recommended Picmonics

picmonic thumbnail
Nucleus
picmonic thumbnail
Chromosome and DNA
picmonic thumbnail
Chromosome Forms
picmonic thumbnail
Chromosome Components
picmonic thumbnail
DNA Base Pairing

Take the De Novo Purine Synthesis Quiz

Picmonic's rapid review multiple-choice quiz allows you to assess your knowledge.

It's worth every penny

Our Story Mnemonics Increase Mastery and Retention

Memorize facts with phonetic mnemonics

Unforgettable characters with concise but impactful videos (2-4 min each)

Memorize facts with phonetic mnemonics

Ace Your Medicine (MD/DO) Classes & Exams with Picmonic:

Over 1,990,000 students use Picmonic’s picture mnemonics to improve knowledge, retention, and exam performance.

Choose the #1 Medicine (MD/DO) student study app.

Picmonic for Medicine (MD/DO) covers information that is relevant to your entire Medicine (MD/DO) education. Whether you’re studying for your classes or getting ready to conquer the USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2 CK, COMLEX Level 1, or COMLEX Level 2, we’re here to help.

Works better than traditional Medicine (MD/DO) flashcards.

Research shows that students who use Picmonic see a 331% improvement in memory retention and a 50% improvement in test scores.