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Other Pulmonary Pathology

Ace Your Pathology Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Physician Assistant (PA) Students

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Pathology | Physician Assistant (PA) School Study Aid

Other Pulmonary Pathology
8 Picmonics to Learn | 20 mins
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Mechanism
Accumulation of Air in Pleural Space
Tall and Thin Young Males
Bleb or Bulla Rupture
Underlying Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Hypoxemia
Chest Pain
Decreased Breath Sounds
Hyperresonance
Shortness of Breath (SOB)
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1 min
Tension Pneumothorax
Mechanism
Air Enters Pleural Space, but Can't Exit
Trauma or Infection
Signs and Symptoms
Decreased Breath Sounds
Trachea Deviates Away from Affected Side
Chest Pain
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Hypotension
Hypoxemia
Hyperresonance
Emergency
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2 mins
Chest Tubes: Management and Care
Confirm suction order
Assessment
Crepitus
Kinking
Shortness of Breath (SOB)
Infection
Excessive bubbling
Quick Interventions
If tube dislodges from patient, use petroleum gauze taped 3 ways
If drainage system is damaged, place disconnected drainage tube in sterile water
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1 min
Flail Chest
Cause/Mechanism
Trauma
Assessment
Shallow Respirations
Chest Pain
Paradoxical Chest Movement
Interventions
Mechanical Ventilation
Analgesics
Intercostal Nerve Blocks
Considerations
Surgical Rib Fixation
Monitor Pulmonary Contusion
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2 mins
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Cause/Mechanism
Narrowed or Obstructed Air Passage
Assessment
Apnea
Loud Snoring
Startle Response
Daytime Drowsiness
Interventions
Positional Therapy
Oral Appliance
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
Surgery
Considerations
Weight Loss
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3 mins
Cyanide Poisoning Diagnosis and Treatment
Lab Findings
Lactic Acidosis
Elevated Venous PO2
Check Carboxyhemoglobin
Management
Sodium Nitrate PLUS Sodium Thiosulfate
Methemoglobinemia
OR Hydroxocobalamin (First Line)
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4 mins
Cyanide Poisoning: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestation
Pathophysiology
Inhibits Complex IV of Oxidative Phosphorylation
Forces Cells Into Anaerobic Metabolism
Presentation
Exposure to Fire Fumes
Industrial Exposure
Headache and Confusion
Arrhythmias
"Cherry Red" Skin
Almond Breath/Taste
Acute Renal Failure
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4 mins
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
Characteristics
Decreased Alpha Anti Trypsin
Increased Elastase Activity
Decreased Elastic Tissue
Misfolded Protein Aggregates
PAS+ Globules
Clinical Features
Panacinar Emphysema
Dyspnea
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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2 mins

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