Lung Cancer Assessment
- 2nd Most Common Cancer
- Chronic Cough
- Hoarseness
- Abnormal Breath Sounds
- Hemoptysis
- Chest Pain
- Anorexia or Weight Loss
- Symptoms Appear Late in Disease
Large Cell Carcinoma
- Strong Correlation with Smoking
- Poor Prognosis
- Peripheral Lesions
- Gynecomastia
- Galactorrhea
- Anaplastic Cells
- Pleomorphic Giant Cells
- May Produce Beta hCG
- Diagnosis of Exclusion
- Surgical Resection
- Less Responsive to Chemotherapy and Radiation
Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
- Most Common Lung Cancer
- Most Common in Nonsmokers
- Peripheral Location
- KRAS, EGFR, and ALK Mutations
- Glandular Pattern
- Often Stains with Mucin
- Presents with Hemoptysis
- Clubbing
- Surgical Resection
- Chemotherapy and Radiation
Small Cell (Oat Cell) Carcinoma
- Aggressively Malignant
- Strong Correlation with Smoking
- Central Location
- Amplification of Myc Oncogenes
- Narrowing of Bronchial Airways
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Ectopic ACTH
- Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
- Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
- Kulchitsky Cells
- Neuron-Specific Enolase Positive
- Chromogranin A Positive
- Chemotherapy and Radiation
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
- Strong Correlation with Smoking
- More Common in Men
- Central Location
- Cavitating Lesion Extending to Hilum
- PTHrP Causes Hypercalcemia
- Keratin Pearls
- Intercellular Bridges
- Surgical Resection (if Early Stage)
- Chemotherapy and Radiation (if Later Stage)
Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
- Autoantibody to the Presynaptic Calcium Channel on Motor Neurons
- Inhibits Acetylcholine (ACh) Release at Neuromuscular Junction
- Paraneoplastic Syndrome
- Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Proximal Muscle Weakness
- Improves with Muscle Use
- Autonomic Symptoms
- Extraocular Muscle Sparing