Nursemaid's Elbow (Radial Head Subluxation)
- Radial Head Subluxation
- Inferiorly Under Annular Ligament
- Axial Traction on Forearm
- Pulled or Lifted by the Hand or Forearm
- Children Aged (1-4 Years Old)
- Extended & Pronated Forearm
- Refusal to Bend Elbow
- Manual Reduction
- Hyperpronation of Forearm
- Gentle Supination of Elbow at 90 Degrees Flexion
- No Immobilization
Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Tibial Tubercle Apophysitis)
- Apophysitis of Tibial Tubercle
- Active, Young Boys
- Running and Jumping
- Overuse Injury
- Recent Growth Spurt
- Diagnosis Made on History
- Anterior Knee Pain
- Enlarged Tibial Tubercle
- Edema
- Rest
- NSAIDs
- Activity Restriction
- Self-limiting
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)
- Young Female Athletes
- Runners
- Overuse Injury
- Idiopathic Patellar & Retinacular Pain
- Chronic Anterior Knee Pain
- Increased with Squatting or Running
- Increased with Prolonged Sitting or Climbing Stairs
- Patellofemoral Compression Test
- Apprehension Sign
- NSAIDs
- Conservative Therapy
- Bracing
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
- Abnormal Femoral Head in Acetabulum
- Positive Barlow Sign
- Clicking with Adduction
- Positive Ortolani Sign
- Clicking with Abduction
- Asymmetrical Limb Lengths and Folds (Gluteal and Thigh)
- Trendelenburg Sign
- Abduction Device
- Pavlik Harness
- Closed Reduction
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
- Idiopathic Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head
- Boys 5-7 Years of Age
- Symptoms < 18 Months
- Painless Limp
- Limited Range of Motion
- Intermittent Anterior Thigh Pain
- Insidious Pain in Knee
- Atrophy of Upper Thigh
- AP and Frog Leg Lateral X-ray
- Compression and Deformity of Femoral Head
- Bed Rest
- NSAIDs
- Containment with Brace or Cast
- Surgery
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
- Separation of Femoral Epiphysis from Femoral Neck
- Through Growth Plate (Physeal Plate)
- Obesity
- Male Adolescents
- African American
- Growth and Sex Hormone Imbalances
- Thigh or Knee Pain
- Inability to Bear Weight
- Decreased Internal Rotation of Hip
- Obligate External Rotation of Hip with Flexion
- Frog Leg Lateral X-ray
- Surgical Pinning
- Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head