Diabetes Assessment
- Juvenile Onset
- Absent Insulin Production
- Ketosis Prone
- Adult Onset
- Insulin Resistance
- Obesity
- Onset During Pregnancy
- Glucose Intolerance
- Retinopathy
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Nephropathy
- Neuropathy
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Signs and Symptoms
- Kussmaul respirations
- Dehydration
- Abdominal Pain
- Nausea/vomiting
- Psychosis
- Fruity breath Odor
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Diagnosis and Labs
- Blood glucose Increased > 250 mg/dL
- Anion gap metabolic acidosis
- Decreased pH < 7.3
- Decreased serum bicarbonate < 18
- Plasma ketones
- Hyperkalemia
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Treatment
- IV Normal Saline
- Regular Insulin Drip
- Potassium (K+)
- Glucose
- Treat Underlying Cause
- Venous pH
- Serum Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
- Insulin Present
- Increased Serum Osmolality
- Glucose >600 mg/dL
- No Significant Acidosis or Ketosis
- Severe Dehydration
- Altered Neurological Status
- Tachycardia and Hypotension
- IV Fluids
- Insulin
- Treat Underlying Disorder