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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2021)
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2021) | Physician Assistant (PA) School Study Aid

Page 613 -
4 Picmonics to Learn | 10 mins
Angiotensin II Synthesis
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Juxtaglomerular Cells
Mesangial Cells
Macula Densa
Distal Tubule
KEY MEDIATORS
Angiotensinogen
Secreted from Liver
Renin
Secreted from Juxtaglomerular Cells
Catalyzes Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
Pulmonary Capillaries
Catalyzes Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
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3 mins
Erythropoietin
Mechanism
Stimulates RBC Production
Indications
Chronic Renal Failure
Anemia
Side Effects
Increased Risk of Thrombosis
Pelvic and Limb Pain
Hypertension
Considerations
Do Not Shake
Monitor Hemoglobin (Hgb) Weekly
May Accelerate Tumor Progression
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2 mins
Vitamin D Metabolism/Mechanism
Mechanism Of Action
Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)
Plant Sources
Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
Sunlight Conversion in Skin
7-Dehydrocholesterol
Liver Hydroxylation
25-(OH) D (25-hydroxyvitamin D)
Storage Form
Kidney Hydroxylation
1,25-(OH)2 D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D)
Active Form Calcitriol
Absorbs Calcium and Phosphorus in Intestine
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4 mins
Prostacyclin Analogs
Mechanism of Action
Prostaglandin I2 (Prostacyclin)
Vasodilation of Pulmonary and Systemic Arteries
Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
Indications
Pulmonary Hypertension
Side effects
Flushing
Jaw Pain
Drugs
Epoprostenol
Iloprost
Treprostinil
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1 min

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