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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2021)
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2021) | Physician Assistant (PA) School Study Aid

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5 Picmonics to Learn | 15 mins
Mesenteric Ischemia
Signs and Symptoms
Severe Abdominal Pain
Bloody Diarrhea
Metabolic Acidosis
Diagnosis
Increased WBC
Increased Lactate (Lactic Acid)
X-ray
Air Within Bowel Wall
CT Angiography
Bowel Wall Edema
Treatment
Antibiotics
Emergent Surgical Intervention
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2 mins
Intestinal Obstruction
Partial/Early Obstruction
Severe Abdominal Pain
Vomiting
High Pitched Bowel Sounds
Abdominal Distention
Increased Peristalsis
Total/Neurogenic Obstruction
Absent Bowel Sounds
Paralytic Ileus
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1 min
Types of Intestinal Obstruction
Mechanical
Adhesions
Hernia
Volvulus
Intussusception
Tumor
Non-Mechanical
Mesenteric Artery Occlusion
Spinal Injury
Paralytic Ileus
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2 mins
Necrotizing Fasciitis Pathophysiology and Characteristics
Bacterial Infection of Muscle Fascia and Subcutaneous Fat
Polymicrobial or Monomicrobial
Polymicrobial: Anaerobe + Gram Negative Enterobacteriaceae
Monomicrobial: Group A Streptococcus or Staph Aureus
Clinical Manifestations
Edema Extending Beyond Erythema
Crepitus
Pain Out of Proportion (POOP)
Anesthesia Over Affected Area (Late Finding)
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5 mins
Necrotizing Fasciitis Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis/Workup
Usually a Clinical Diagnosis
Soft Tissue Gas On CT
Management
Emergent Surgical Debridement
Vasopressors and Fluids
IV Immune Globulin If Strep Toxic Shock Syndrome
Antibiotic Regimen
Carbapenem Or Piperacillin-Tazobactam
PLUS Clindamycin
PLUS MRSA Coverage
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4 mins

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