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Embryology

First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2021)

9 - Gastrointestinal

Celiac Artery

Which of the following structures most likely supplies blood to the structures of the foregut?

Esophagus

Which of the following structures is most likely derived from the embryological foregut?

Foregut Structures, Blood Supply and Innervation

Gallbladder

Innervation

Liver

Lower Respiratory Tract

Pancreas

Proximal Duodenum

Spleen

Which of the following structures most likely shares a common blood supply with foregut structures?

Stomach

Structures

Vagus Nerve

Which of the following most likely provides primary innervation to the foregut?

Vascular Supply

Appendix

A patient presents with periumbilical abdominal pain that has now moved to the right lower quadrant. Which of the following midgut structures is most likely affected?

Ascending Colon

Which of the following midgut structures is retroperitoneal?

Distal Duodenum

Which of the following structures marks the beginning of the midgut?

Ileum

Which of the following structures is part of the embryological midgut?

Jejunum

Lesser Splanchnic Nerve

Which of the following provides primary sympathetic innervation to the midgut?

Midgut Structures, Blood Supply and Innervation

Proximal 2/3 of Transverse Colon

Which of the following structures marks the end of the embryological midgut?

Superior Mesenteric Artery

From which of the following does the midgut receive most of its vascular supply?

Which of the following provides primary parasympathetic innervation to the midgut?

Descending Colon

Which of the following structures is most likely associated with the hindgut?

Distal 1/3 of Transverse Colon

Hindgut Structures, Blood Supply and Innervation

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Which of the following vascular structures is most likely associated with the hindgut?

Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves

Which of the following nervous structures is most likely associated with the hindgut?

Pectinate (Dentate) Line

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves

Rectum

Sigmoid Colon

Urogenital Sinus

Associations

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

Which of the following diseases or disorders is most likely associated with omphalocele?

Characteristics

Covered by Peritoneum

During your assessment of an omphalocele patient, which of the following is most likely to be present?

Defect of Lateral Fold Closure

Diagnosis

Herniation of Abdominal Organs via Umbilicus

Increased AFP

Which of the following is most likely seen in the maternal serum of a patient with ophalocele?<br>

Management

Omphalocele

Surgery

Which of the following is most likely indicated for the treatment of omphalocele?

Trisomy Syndromes

Consideration

Femoral

Which type of hernia is best known to present as an area of swelling or bulging near the groin and can push through the femoral canal?

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Which of the following diseases or disorders is most commonly a complication of hiatal hernia?

Hiatal

Which type of hernia is best known to occur when a portion of the upper stomach protrudes into the esophagus or thorax through a weak area of the diaphragm?

Incisional

Which type of hernia is best known to occur when a patient has had several surgeries in the same anatomical area?

Inguinal

Which type of hernia is best described as such: when the contents of the abdomen protrude through a weak area near the spermatic cord or round ligament?

Which of the following groups of people is most commonly associated with inguinal hernias?

Strangulation

Which of the following is the most important complication to consider when evaluating a hernia?

Types of Hernias

Umbilical

Which type of hernia is best known to occur through a weakened portion of the rectus abdominis muscle or through a post-birth defect?

Women

Which of the following groups of people is most commonly associated with femoral hernias?

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