Ace Your First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2020) Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Physician Assistant (PA) Students
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2020) | Physician Assistant (PA) School Study Aid
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Assessment
- Assessment
- RNA Retrovirus
- CD4+ Helper T Cells
- Primary Infection
- Flu-like Symptoms
- Lymphadenopathy
- Symptomatic Stage
- Fatigue
- Diarrhea
- Unexplained Weight Loss
- White Spots on Tongue
- Persistent Fever
- Night Sweats
2 mins
HIV CD4+ 500
- Signs and Symptoms
- Candida albicans (Oral Thrush)
- Kaposi's Sarcoma (HHV-8)
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Epstein-Barr Virus (Oral Hairy Leukoplakia)
3 mins
HIV CD4+ 200
- Signs and Symptoms
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- JC Virus
- Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
- Pneumocystis Pneumonia
- (HIV) Dementia
- Histoplasmosis
3 mins
HIV CD4+ 100
- Signs and Symptoms
- Aspergillus fumigatus
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Candida albicans (Esophagitis)
- Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) B-cell lymphoma
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Cryptosporidium
- Bartonella henselae
5 mins
Candida Albicans
- Fungi
- Yeast with Pseudohyphae at 20 Degrees C
- Germ Tube Formation at 37 Degrees C
- Pruritic Vaginitis
- White Cottage Cheese Discharge
- Fiery Red Mucosa
- Diabetics
- Antibiotic Use
- Esophageal Thrush in Immunocompromised
- Diaper Rash
- Endocarditis in IV Drug Users
2 mins
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Characteristics
- Non-enveloped
- Circular
- Double Stranded DNA
- Disease
- Warts 1, 2, 6, 11
- Condyloma acuminata
- Type 16, 18
- Cervical Carcinoma
- Penile Carcinoma
- AIDS/Immunocompromised
- Worsened by Smoking
- Diagnosis
- Koilocytic change in squamous epithelium
- Pyknotic Nuclei Surrounded by Clear Halo
- Treatment
- Vaccine Available
4 mins
Histoplasmosis
- Fungi
- 2-5 um
- Yeast Cells within Macrophages
- Starling Bird Poop
- Bat Poop
- Caves
- Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys
- Pneumonia
- Caseating Granuloma
- Erythema Nodosum
1 min
Pneumocystis jirovecii
- Fungi
- AIDS/Immunocompromised
- Fever
- Hypoxemia
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage
- Biopsy
- Methenamine Silver Stain
- Saucer/cup shaped yeast forms
- Diffuse interstitial pneumonia CXR
- TMP-SMX
- Start prophylaxis when CD4 drops under 200
1 min
Aspergillus fumigatus
- Characteristics
- Fungi
- Monomorphic
- Septate Hyphae
- Branch at Acute Angles
- Fruiting Bodies
- Disease
- Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)
- Eosinophilia
- Increased IgE
- Glucocorticoids +/- Azoles
- Pulmonary Aspergillosis
- TB Cavity
- Lung Aspergilloma
- Hemoptysis
- Invasive Aspergillosis
- AIDS/Immunocompromised
- Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- Hemorrhagic Infarction
- Necrotizing Bronchopneumonia
- Voriconazole +/- Caspofungin
3 mins
Bartonella henselae
- Characteristics
- Gram-Negative
- Pleomorphic
- Bacillus
- Signs and Symptoms
- Cat Scratch Fever
- Lymphadenopathy
- Bacillary Angiomatosis
- Patients with AIDS
- Mimics Kaposi Sarcoma
- Benign
- Reactive Arthritis
- Non-Caseating Granuloma
2 mins
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Characteristics
- Enveloped
- Double Stranded DNA
- Herpesvirus 5
- Diagnosis
- Non Heterophile Antibodies
- Owl's eye inclusions
- Signs and Symptoms
- Congenital TORCH infection
- Mononucleosis
- Pneumonia
- AIDS retinitis and esophagitis
- Infection in transplant recipients
2 mins
Cryptococcus neoformans
- Characteristics
- Monomorphic
- Encapsulated
- Polysaccharide Capsule
- Narrow-Based Buds
- Latex Agglutination
- Pigeons
- India Ink
- Mucicarmine stain
- Signs and Symptoms
- AIDS/Immunocompromised
- Meningitis
- Soap Bubble Lesions in Brain
- Pneumonia
- Treatment
- Fluconazole
- Flucytosine
- Amphotericin
3 mins
Toxoplasma gondii
- Characteristics
- Protozoa
- Cysts in Meat or Cat Feces
- Signs and Symptoms
- Brain Abscess in HIV Patients
- Ring-enhancing Brain Lesions
- Crosses Placenta in Pregnant Women
- Congenital TORCH Infection
- Treatment
- Pyrimethamine
- Sulfadiazine
2 mins
Kaposi Sarcoma
- Characteristics
- Malignant Vascular Tumor
- Human Herpesvirus Type 8 (HHV-8)
- AIDS/Immunocompromised
- CD4+ < 500
- Presentation
- Multifocal Purple Lesions
- Skin
- Mucous Membranes
- Visceral Organs
- Diagnosis
- Spindle-shaped Cells
- Management
- Observation
- Chemotherapy
- Treat Underlying Disorder
3 mins
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