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Physician Assistant (PA)
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2019)
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Page 560 -

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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2019) | Physician Assistant (PA) School Study Aid

Page 560 -
18 Picmonics to Learn | 35 mins
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Assessment
Assessment
Inattention
Incomplete Tasks
Easily Distracted
Hyperactivity
Impulsiveness
Disruptive
Considerations
Two Areas of Life
Onset by Age 12
Symptoms > 6 Months
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3 mins
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Interventions
Drug Therapy
CNS Stimulants
Amphetamine
Methylphenidate
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Atomoxetine (Strattera)
Guanfacine (Intuniv)
Considerations
Manage Disruptive Behavior
Provide Simple Instructions
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2 mins
Alcohol Use Disorder Assessment (Formerly Alcohol Abuse Assessment)
Intoxication
CNS Depression
Withdrawal
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Medical Complications
GI Distress
Cardiomyopathy
Pancreatitis
Cirrhosis
Immunosuppression
Sexual Dysfunction
Considerations
Screening (Assessments)
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3 mins
Benzodiazepines Overview
Indications
First Line for Status Epilepticus
Anesthesia Induction
Anxiety
Eclampsia
Detoxification
Mechanism of Action
'-zepam' and '-zolam' Suffix
Increase Frequency of Cl- Channel Opening
Side Effects
Decrease REM Sleep
CNS Depression
Dependence
Antidote
Flumazenil for Overdose
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2 mins
Alcohol Use Disorder Interventions (Formerly Alcohol Abuse Interventions)
Withdrawal
Reduce Environmental Stimuli
Antianxiety Medications
Vitamin Supplements
Seizure Precautions
Suicide Precautions
Fever
Considerations
Identify Support Systems
Group Therapy
Disulfiram
Naltrexone
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2 mins
Bipolar Disorder Assessment
Mechanism
Neurotransmitter Dysregulation and Genetic Factors
Mania Signs and Symptoms
Euphoric Mood
Nonstop Physical Activity
Flight of Ideas
Rapid Speech
Depression Signs and Symptoms
Mood Changes
Sad Affect
Psychomotor Retardation
Suicidal Thoughts
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2 mins
Bipolar Disorder Interventions
Drug Therapy
Lithium
Valproic Acid (Valproate)
Lamotrigine
Manic Episode
Hospitalization
Nutrition
Hygiene
Depressive Episode
Monitor for Vegetative Signs
Suicide Precautions
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2 mins
Lithium
Indications
Bipolar Disorder
Mechanism of Action
Mood Stabilizer
Unknown Mechanism
Side Effects
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Hypothyroidism
Movement (Tremor)
Heart Block
Contraindication
Pregnancy (Ebstein's Anomaly)
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1 min
Bulimia Nervosa Assessment
Assessment
Normal Body Weight
Binge and Purge
Electrolyte Disturbances
Alkalosis
Hypokalemia
Parotitis
Enamel Erosion
Russell's Sign
Diagnosis
Once Weekly For 3 Months
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2 mins
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Interventions
Interventions
Build Trust
Plan Caloric Intake
Supervise Meals
Supervise Elimination
Encourage Liquids
Daily Weights
Use Matter-of-Fact Statements
Give Feelings of Control
Considerations
Tube Feedings If Further Weight Loss
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2 mins
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Overview
Indications
Depression
Anxiety
Mechanism of Action
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Drugs
Paroxetine
Sertraline
Escitalopram
Fluoxetine
Side Effects
Sexual Dysfunction
Serotonin Syndrome
Treat with Cyproheptadine
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2 mins
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Indications
Depression
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Duloxetine
Panic and Anxiety
Venlafaxine
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Reuptake of Serotonin and NE
Side Effects
Hypertension
Insomnia
Nausea and Vomiting
Decreased Libido
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1 min
Anxiety Assessment
Mild
Increased Alertness
Heightened Perception
Moderate
Perception Narrowed
Short Attention Span
Shaking
Severe
Ineffective Problem Solving
Automatic Behavior
Hyperventilation
Panic
Hallucinations
Inability to Function or Communicate
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2 mins
Depression Assessment
Physical Changes
Anergia
Self Neglect
Decreased Libido
Vegetative Signs
Mood
Sad Affect
Worthlessness
Guilt
Anger and Irritability
Cognitive
Ineffective Problem Solving
Slowed Thinking
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1 min
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Assessment
Repetitive and Intrusive Thoughts
Suppressed by Thought or Action
Interferes with Daily Functioning
May or May Not Be Aware
Interventions
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Clomipramine
Venlafaxine
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3 mins
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Assessment
Re-experience Traumatic Event
Flashbacks
Nightmares
Avoidance
Self-destructive Behaviors
Considerations
Assess Suicide Risk
Actively Listen to Stories
Anxiety Medications
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2 mins
Schizophrenia Assessment
Positive Symptoms
Hallucinations
Delusions
Associative Looseness
Negative Symptoms
Flat Affect
Poverty of Thought
Absence of Something that Should be Present
Cognitive Symptoms
Illogical Thinking
Impaired Judgment and Memory
Affective Symptoms
Dysphoria
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2 mins
Schizophrenia Interventions
Drug Therapy
Antipsychotics
Interventions
Build Trust
Assistance with Self-care
Reality Testing
Monitor for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Monitor for Tardive Dyskinesia
Family Therapy
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2 mins

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