Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Mechanism
- Hyperinsulinemia Increases GnRH Pulse Frequency
- Large Increase in LH
- Small Decrease in FSH
- Increased Androgen Production From Theca-Lutein Cells
- Decreased Steroid Hormone-Binding-Globulin (SHBG) Causes Increased Free Testosterone
- Obese Patients Have Increased Estrogen
- Increased Risk of Endometrial Cancer
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Symptoms and Diagnosis
- Most Common Cause of Infertility in Women
- Amenorrhea
- Acne
- Hirsutism
- Obesity
- Enlarged, Cystic Ovaries
- LH:FSH Ratio of 3:1
- "String of Pearls" on Ultrasound
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Treatment
- Weight Loss
- Oral Contraceptives
- Clomiphene Citrate
- Anti-androgens
- Cyclic Progesterone for Endometrial Protection
- Metformin
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
- Bimodal Age Distribution
- Painless Vaginal Bleeding
- Amenorrhea
- Menorrhagia (Heavy Menstrual Bleeding)
- Metrorrhagia (Bleeding Between Menses)
- Balloon Thermotherapy
- Hormone Medications
- Dilation and Curettage (DandC)
- Monitor for Anemia