Indications for Urgent Dialysis (AEIOU)
- AEIOU Mnemonic
- Acidosis
- pH < 7.1
- Electrolyte Imbalances
- Symptomatic Hyperkalemia
- > 6.5 mEq/L
- Ingestion
- Overload (Volume)
- Uremia
- Encephalitis
- Pericarditis
Casts in Urine (Differential Diagnosis)
- RBC Casts
- Glomerular Disease
- WBC Casts
- Acute Interstitial Nephritis
- Acute Pyelonephritis
- Fatty Casts
- Maltese Cross Sign
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Granular Muddy Brown Casts
- Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
- Waxy Casts
- End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) (Chronic Renal Failure)
- Hyaline Casts
- Non-Specific
Fanconi Syndrome Characteristics
- Resorption Defect in Proximal Tubule
- Hypophosphatemia
- Rickets
- Osteomalacia
- Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Type 2 Renal Tubular Acidosis
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- Bicarbonate
Fanconi Syndrome Causes
- Cystinosis
- Dent's Disease
- Wilson's Disease
- Oculocerebrorenal (Lowe) Syndrome
- Galactosemia
- Hereditary Fructose Intolerance
- Glycogen Storage Diseases
- Tyrosinemia
- Tenofovir
- Heavy Metals
- Expired Tetracyclines
- Cisplatin
- Gentamycin (Aminoglycosides)
- Valproate Sodium
- Multiple Myeloma