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Immunology

Learn Immunology Using Mnemonics

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Medicine | Paramedic School Study Aid

Immunology
16 Picmonics to Learn | 29 mins
Immune System Tissues
Characteristics
Bone Marrow
B Cells and T Cells Formed
B Cells Mature
Thymus
T Cells Tested For Self-Response
T Cells Mature
Lymph Nodes
Mature B Cells and T Cells Monitor Lymph For Pathogens
Spleen
Mature B Cells and T Cells Monitor Blood For Pathogens
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1 min
Inflammatory Response
Pathogens Infect Tissue
Mast Cells Release Histamine
Histamine Dilates and Increases Capillary Permeability
Macrophages Engulf Pathogens
Macrophage Signals Cells With Cytokines
Responding Neutrophils Cross Capillary Wall
B And T Lymphocytes Arrive At Injury Site
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2 mins
Hypersensitivity Type I
Previous Antigen Exposure
Immediate Reaction
IgE Cross-linking
Presensitized Mast Cells
Histamine Release
Vasodilation
Anaphylaxis
Allergies
Treatment
Epinephrine
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1 min
Anaphylaxis Intervention
Intervention
Assess Airway and Oxygen Needs
Reassure Patient with Anxiety
Supine Position
Methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol)
Epinephrine
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Medical Alert Bracelet
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2 mins
Hypersensitivity Type II
Cytotoxic
IgM or IgG antibody-mediated
Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
Mechanism
Opsonization
Complement Activation
NK Cells
Testing
Direct Coombs test
Indirect Coombs Test
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type III
Immune Complex
Antigen-antibody (IgG) complex activates complement
Neutrophils release lysozomal enzymes
Examples
Arthus Reaction
Serum Sickness
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type IV
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity
T Cell Mediated
Antibody Independant
Macrophages Activated
Examples
Transplant Rejection
PPD Skin Test
Contact Dermatitis
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1 min
Transfusion Reactions
Acute Hemolytic
Febrile, Non-Hemolytic
Mild Allergic
Anaphylactic
Circulatory Overload
Sepsis Reaction
Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)
Massive Blood Transfusion
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2 mins
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Etiologies
Drugs
Symptoms
< 10% of Body Surface Area (BSA) Involved
10-30% BSA Overlaps with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)
Fever
Affects Skin and Mucous Membranes
Bullae Formation
Necrosis
Sloughing of Skin
High Mortality Rate
Treatment
Supportive Care
IVIG (Intravenous Immunoglobulin)
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3 mins
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Mechanism, Treatment and Complications
Mechanism and Characteristics
Systemic Autoimmune Disease
9:1 female to male ratio
Treatment
Glucocorticoids
NSAIDS
Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclophosphamide
Complications
Lupus nephritis
Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
Secondary Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Other
Drug-induced lupus
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2 mins
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Assessment
Mechanism
Multisystem Inflammatory Disorder
Assessment
Malar Rash
Discoid Rash
Arrhythmias
Arthritis
Hemolytic Anemia
Seizures
Glomerulonephritis
Considerations
Periods of Exacerbation and Remission
Diagnosed by ANA (Anti-nuclear antibody assay)
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2 mins
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Diagnosis and Clinical Features
IM DAMN SHARP acronym
Immunoglobulins
Malar rash
Discoid rash
Antinuclear antibody
Mucositis
Neurologic disorders
Serositis
Hematologic disorders
Arthritis
Renal disorders
Photosensitivity
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2 mins
Atopic Dermatitis / Eczema
Presentation
Pruritic Vesicles
Inflammatory Skin Rash
Cheeks in Children
Skin Flexural Areas
Associated with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis
Treatment
Tacrolimus
Moisturizers
Corticosteroids
Phototherapy
Avoid Triggers
Antihistamines
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2 mins
Meningitis Assessment
Assessment
Nausea and Vomiting
Fever
Nuchal Rigidity
Severe Headache
Purpura
Seizures
Photophobia
Infants and Young Children
Opisthotonus Position
High-Pitched Cry
Bulging Fontanel
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2 mins
Sarcoidosis Symptoms
Black Females
Symptoms
Asymptomatic
Uveitis
Interstitial Fibrosis
Erythema Nodosum
Hepatomegaly
Myocardial Sarcoidosis
Lupus Pernio
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1 min
Myasthenia Gravis
Mechanism
Antibodies to Acetylcholine Receptor
Symptoms
Ptosis
Diplopia
Weakness with Muscle Use
Respiratory Death
Thymus Associated
Treatment
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Plasmapheresis
Thymectomy
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1 min

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