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Physiology | Nursing (RN) School Study Aid


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Heart Murmurs & Malformations
8 Picmonics to Learn | 16 mins

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Aortic Stenosis
Characteristics
Age-related Calcifications
Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Crescendo-decrescendo Murmur
Systolic Murmur
Ejection Murmur
Ejection Click
Radiates to Carotids and Apex
Pulsus Parvus et Tardus
Syncope
Helmet Cells
2 mins
Aortic Regurgitation
Auscultation
Diastolic Murmur
Immediate High-pitched
Blowing Murmur
Clinical Findings
Wide Pulse Pressure
Water Hammer Pulse
Head Bobbing
Pulsating Nail Bed
Considerations
Can Cause Austin Flint Murmur
1 min
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Holosystolic
Blowing Murmur
Radiates to Right Sternal Border
Enhanced by Inspiration
1 min
Mitral Stenosis
Characteristics
Murmur Follows Opening Snap
Late Diastolic Murmur
Enhanced by Expiration
Low-Pitched Rumbling
Dilation of Left Atrium (LA)
Recurrent Attacks of Rheumatic Fever
2 mins
Mitral Regurgitation
Characteristics
Holosystolic
Blowing Murmur
Loudest at Apex
Radiates toward Axilla
Louder by Squatting
Hand Grip
Expiration
1 min
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Continuous
Machine like murmur
Often Due to Congenital Rubella
Prematurity
1 min
Tetralogy of Fallot
Blue Baby Syndrome (Cyanosis)
Crying or Feeding
PROVe
Pulmonary Stenosis
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Overriding Aorta
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Diagnosis and Treatment
Boot-Shaped Heart
Squatting for Tet Spells
Surgery
2 mins
AV Heart Blocks
First Degree
First Degree: PR> 200 Milliseconds
No Treatment Needed
Second Degree
Mobitz I (Wenkebach): Progressive Lengthening of PR Intervals Leading to Dropped Beat
Exercise Improves, Vagal Maneuvers Worsen
Mobitz II: Dropped Beats With No Preceding PR Prolongation
Atropine
Electrical pacing
Third Degree
Third Degree (complete): P Waves and QRS Beat Independently
Treated With Pacing
Lyme Disease Can Cause 3rd Degree Block
6 mins

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