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Stroke & Traumatic Brain Injury

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Nervous System | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid

Stroke & Traumatic Brain Injury
12 Picmonics to Learn | 31 mins
Types of Head Injuries
Open Head Injury
Linear Fracture
Comminuted Fracture
Depressed Fracture
Open Fracture
Basilar Skull Fracture
Closed Head Injury
Coup and Contrecoup
Brain Contusion
Concussion
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2 mins
Traumatic Brain Injury Assessment
Assessment
Change in LOC
Personality Changes
Amnesia
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Diplopia
Posturing
Location of Injury
Basilar Skull Fracture
Halo or Ring Sign
Considerations
Intracranial Bleeding
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2 mins
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Assessment
Change in LOC
Headache
Cushings Triad
Irregular Respirations
Widening Pulse Pressure
Bradycardia
Projectile Vomiting
Abnormal Pupils
Papilledema
Posturing
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2 mins
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Interventions
Interventions
Elevate Head Of Bed
Foley Catheter
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
High Dose Barbiturates
Passive Hyperventilation
Dexamethasone (Neoplasm or Infection)
Considerations
Neuro Assessment
Maintain Normal Temperature
Avoid Activities That Increase ICP
Intracranial Monitoring System
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2 mins
Types of Strokes
Warning Signs
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit (RIND)
Types
Ischemic
Thrombotic
Atherosclerosis
Embolic
Atrial Fibrillation
Hemorrhagic
Severe Hypertension
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3 mins
Right Hemisphere Stroke Assessment
Opposite Side Weakness (Hemiplegia)
Poor Proprioception
Disoriented to Person, Place, Time
Can't Recognize Faces (Prosopagnosia)
Loss of Judgement and Awareness
Impulsiveness
Personality Changes
Tonal Hearing Loss
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2 mins
Left Hemisphere Stroke Assessment
Opposite Side Weakness (Hemiplegia)
Side to Side Discrimination
Aphasia
Agraphia
Slow Performance
Aware of Deficits
Anxiety
Depression
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2 mins
Hydrocephalus
Cause
Increased CSF in Ventricles of Brain
Assessment
Signs of Increased ICP
Infant Assessment
High Pitched Cry
Irritability
Opisthotonus
Increased Head Circumference
Bulging Fontanel
Setting Sun Sign
Interventions
Seizure Precautions
Elevate HOB
CSF Shunt
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2 mins
Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Main TBI Lesions
Epidural Hematoma
Subdural Hematoma
Contusion/ Parenchymal Hemorrhage
Intraventricular Hematoma
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Diffuse Axonal Injury
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3 mins
Concussion
Cause
Brain Trauma
Pathophysiology
Neurometabolic Cascade
Signs & Symptoms
Visual Disturbances
Cognitive Dysfunction
Sleep Disturbances
Emotional Instability
Diagnosis
Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (SCAT5)
Diagnostic Imaging
Treatment
Physical and Cognitive Rest
Monitored Exercise
Vestibular Rehabilitation
Considerations
Second Impact Syndrome
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4 mins
Aphasia Post Stroke
Causes
Cerebrovascular Accident
Non-Fluent Aphasia
Broca’s Aphasia
Fluent Aphasia
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Other Types of Aphasia
Global Aphasia
Conduction Aphasia
Verbal Apraxia
Dysarthria
Diagnosis
Cerebral Angiography
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Intervention
Simple Short Sentences
Visual and Tactile Cues
Speech Therapy
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4 mins
Rancho Los Amigos Levels of Cognitive Functioning Scale
Total Assistance
Level I - No Response
Level II - Generalized Response
Level III - Localized Response
Maximal Assistance
Level IV - Confused/Agitated
Level V - Confused, Inappropriate Non-Agitated
Moderate Assistance
Level VI - Confused, Appropriate
Minimal Assistance for Daily Living Skills
Level VII - Automatic, Appropriate
Stand-By Assistance
Level VIII - Purposeful, Appropriate with Stand-by Assistance
Stand-By Assistance on Request
Level IX - Purposeful, Appropriate with Stand-by Assistance on Request
Modified Independent
Level X - Modified Purposeful, Appropriate
Mnemonic
No General Localizes Aggresively Inappropriate Apples Automatically on Purpose
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4 mins

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