Master Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene) and Mafenide Acetate (Sulfamylon) with Picmonic for Nursing RN

Silver sulfadiazine and mafenide acetate are topical antimicrobials used to decrease bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Silver sulfadiazine releases free silver to suppress bacterial colonization and decrease antimicrobial counts. Mafenide acetate acts as a sulfonamide and disrupts bacterial DNA synthesis by interrupting folic acid synthesis. Since mammalian cells use preformed folic acid obtained by diet, the drug does not harm mammalian DNA and protein synthesis.

Silver sulfadiazine and mafenide acetate are indicated to decrease bacterial colonization in patients with second- and third-degree burns. The medications may help prevent the progression of second-degree (partial-thickness) wounds into third-degree (full-thickness) wounds. Silver sulfadiazine softens eschar and helps with the removal of dead tissue for grafting. Unlike mafenide, it does not have significant side effects.

Silver sulfadiazine and mafenide acetate are used to decrease infection in open wounds. The wounds may be caused by herpes blisters or open second- and third-degree burns. Assess the condition of the skin surrounding the wound for skin breakdown caused by maceration of tissue.

Mafenide is bacteriostatic with an unclear mechanism of action. This medication may cause pain and acidosis.

Topical application of silver sulfadiazine does not cause pain. Mafenide, however, may cause pain upon application, especially in partial thickness burns. Administer analgesics prior to wound care, especially during the application of mafenide to minimize pain.

Unlike silver sulfadiazine, mafenide causes acidosis by metabolizing into a chemical that decreases the kidneys' ability to excrete acids. While taking mafenide, the patient should be frequently monitored for acid-base status. The drug should be temporarily discontinued for 1-2 days if the patient experiences severe acidosis.

Since mafenide causes pain, administering analgesics prior to wound care will help provide pain relief. A decreased level of pain will increase the patient's tolerance for wound care performed.