Innate Immunity Barriers
- Skin Protects Against Pathogens
- Normal Flora Outcompete Pathogens
- Lysozyme in Saliva, Tears, and Mucus
- Mucous Traps Pathogens
- Cilia Remove Mucus
- Acid and Digestive Enzymes in the Stomach Kill Pathogens
Humoral Adaptive Immunity
- B Cell Binds Free Floating Antigen
- B Cell Presents Antigen to Helper T Cell
- Helper T Cells Help B Cells Develop Antigen Specificity
- Plasma B Cells Secrete Antibodies
- Memory B Cells Cause Faster Secondary Response
Innate Immunity Cellular Response
- Natural Killer Lymphocytes Attack Abnormal Cells
- Neutrophils in Blood
- Infected Cells Release Interferon
- Complement Proteins Lyse Pathogens/Infected Cells
- Dendritic Cells in Tissue
- Macrophages in Tissue
HIV CD4+ 100
- Aspergillus fumigatus
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Candida albicans (Esophagitis)
- Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) B-cell lymphoma
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Cryptosporidium
- Bartonella henselae
HIV CD4+ 200
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- JC Virus
- Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
- Pneumocystis Pneumonia
- (HIV) Dementia
- Histoplasmosis
HIV CD4+ 500
- Candida albicans (Oral Thrush)
- Kaposi's Sarcoma (HHV-8)
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Epstein-Barr Virus (Oral Hairy Leukoplakia)
Anaphylaxis Intervention
- Assess Airway and Oxygen Needs
- Reassure Patient with Anxiety
- Supine Position
- Methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol)
- Epinephrine
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- Medical Alert Bracelet
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Assessment
- Multisystem Inflammatory Disorder
- Malar Rash
- Discoid Rash
- Arrhythmias
- Arthritis
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Seizures
- Glomerulonephritis
- Periods of Exacerbation and Remission
- Diagnosed by ANA (Anti-nuclear antibody assay)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Interventions
- Avoid Sunlight
- Glucocorticoids
- Methotrexate
- NSAIDs
- Hydroxychloroquine
- Azathioprine
- Monitor for Renal Failure (ARF)
- Manage Pain
Lyme Disease
- Transmitted by Ticks (Vector-borne)
- Flu-like Symptoms
- Bulls Eye Rash (Erythema Migrans)
- Joint Pain and Stiffness
- Facial Paralysis
- Antibiotics
- Prevention
Hypersensitivity Type I
- Previous Antigen Exposure
- Immediate Reaction
- IgE Cross-linking
- Presensitized Mast Cells
- Histamine Release
- Vasodilation
- Anaphylaxis
- Allergies
- Epinephrine
Hypersensitivity Type II
- Cytotoxic
- IgM or IgG antibody-mediated
- Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
- Opsonization
- Complement Activation
- NK Cells
- Direct Coombs test
- Indirect Coombs Test
Hypersensitivity Type III
- Immune Complex
- Antigen-antibody (IgG) complex activates complement
- Neutrophils release lysozomal enzymes
- Arthus Reaction
- Serum Sickness
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Hypersensitivity Type IV
- Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity
- T Cell Mediated
- Antibody Independant
- Macrophages Activated
- Transplant Rejection
- PPD Skin Test
- Contact Dermatitis