Cancer Warning Signs (CAUTION)
- Change in Bowel or Bladder Habits
- A Sore That Does Not Heal
- Unusual Bleeding or Discharge
- Thickening or Lump in the Breast or Elsewhere
- Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
- Obvious Change to Warts or Moles
- Nagging Cough
Macroscopic Bone Structure
- Compact Bone
- Yellow Bone Marrow
- Spongy Bone
- Red Bone Marrow
- Long Bone
- Epiphysis
- Epiphyseal Plate
- Diaphysis
- Metaphysis
- Periosteum
Leukemia Assessment
- Immature WBCs
- Recurrent Infections
- Easy Bruising
- Bleeding
- Anemia
- Fatigue
- Weight Loss
- Bone Pain
- May Have Normal or High WBC Count
Leukemia Interventions
- Bone Marrow Aspiration
- X-Rays
- Chemotherapy
- Bleeding Precautions
- Neutropenic Precautions
- Strict Asepsis
- Bone Marrow Transplant
- Blood Transfusions
- Monitor Temperature Elevations
- Adequate Nutrition
- Imatinib (Gleevec) for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Assessment
- Lymph Node Cancer
- Contiguous Spread
- Painless Lymphadenopathy
- Constitutional B Signs
- Night Sweats
- Fever
- Weight Loss
- Bimodal Age Distribution
- Reed-Sternberg Cells
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Interventions
- Biopsy
- Staging
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
- Treat Side Effects of Therapy
- Secondary Cancer Screening
Cervical Cancer Screening
- Women Aged 21-65 Years
- Pap Smear Every 3 Years
- Women Aged 30-65 Years
- Can Opt for Co-testing (Pap Smear + HPV Testing) Every 5 Years
- Identify Lesions
- Cryotherapy
- Loop Excision
- Cold Knife Conization
Cervical Cancer Assessment
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Metrorrhagia
- Leukorrhea
- Pain
- Abnormal Pap Test
- May Be Asymptomatic
- HPV Vaccine
Breast Cancer Diagnosis
- Mammography
- Ultrasound
- MRI for High Risk Patients
- Confirmed with Biopsy
- Lymph Node Involvement
- Receptor Positivity
- Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
- HER-2
Breast Cancer Interventions
- Radiation or Chemotherapy
- Hormonal Therapy
- Tamoxifen
- Lumpectomy
- Mastectomy
- Avoid BP and Injections Affected Arm
- Hand Exercises
- Grief Related to Body Image
- Prosthetics
- Reconstruction
- Lymphedema
Colorectal Cancer Interventions
- Surgical Colon Resection
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
- Bowel Cleansing
- Screening
- Colostomy
- Dietary Consult
- Body Image
Colostomy Care
- Wash with Warm Water
- Cut 1/8 inch Around Stoma
- Decreases Skin Irritation
- Empty When 1/3 to 1/2 Full
- Change 3-7 Days
- Avoid Odor Causing Foods
- Irrigate at Same Time
Lung Cancer Assessment
- 2nd Most Common Cancer
- Chronic Cough
- Hoarseness
- Abnormal Breath Sounds
- Hemoptysis
- Chest Pain
- Anorexia or Weight Loss
- Symptoms Appear Late in Disease
Prostate Cancer Assessment
- Most Common Cancer in Men
- Mimics BPH
- Metastasis to Back
- Low Back Pain
- Fatigue
- Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
- Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
- Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)
- Biopsy