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Pharmacology for Nurses - A Pathophysiologic Approach, 6th Ed., Adams, Holland & Urban./
Chapter 45: Drugs for Diabetes MellitusAce Your Pharmacology for Nurses - A Pathophysiologic Approach, 6th Ed., Adams, Holland & Urban. Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Registered Nurse (RN) Students
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Pharmacology for Nurses - A Pathophysiologic Approach, 6th Ed., Adams, Holland & Urban. | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid
Pancreas
- Characteristics
- Acinar Cells Release Digestive Enzymes
- Ductal Epithelial Cells Release Bicarbonate
- Islets of Langerhans
- Beta Cells Release Insulin
- Alpha Cells Release Glucagon
- Delta Cells Release Somatostatin
- Somatostatin Inhibits Alpha and Beta Cells
3 mins
Diabetes Assessment
- Assessment Type 1
- Juvenile Onset
- Absent Insulin Production
- Ketosis Prone
- Assessment Type 2
- Adult Onset
- Insulin Resistance
- Obesity
- Gestational Diabetes
- Onset During Pregnancy
- Glucose Intolerance
- Complications
- Retinopathy
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Nephropathy
- Neuropathy
2 mins
Diabetes Interventions
- Early Diagnosis
- Insulin
- Oral Hypoglycemics
- Glucose Monitoring
- Routine Exercise
- Diabetic Diet
- Monitor for Complications
- Insulin Therapy
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
2 mins
Hyperglycemia
- Mechanism
- Insulin Resistance
- Too Little Insulin/Medication
- Infection/Illness
- Corticosteroids
- Assessment
- Elevated Blood Glucose
- Polyphagia
- Polydipsia
- Polyuria
- Hypotension
- Fatigue/Drowsiness
1 min
Diabetes Insipidus Assessment
- Polyuria
- Nocturia
- Low Specific Gravity (USG)
- Polydipsia
- Dehydration
- Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Confusion
2 mins
Insulin
- Rapid Acting
- Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
- Insulin Aspart (Novolog)
- Insulin Glulisine (Apidra)
- Short Acting
- Regular Insulin (Humulin R)
- Intermediate Acting
- Isophane NPH (Humulin N)
- Long Acting
- Detemir (Levemir)
- Glargine (Lantus)
2 mins
Mixing NPH and Regular Insulin for Injection
- Verify Order
- Roll NPH Insulin
- Alcohol to Multiuse Vials
- Inject Air into NPH Insulin (Cloudy)
- Inject Air into Regular Insulin (Clear)
- Withdraw Regular Insulin Units
- Withdraw NPH Units
- Verify with 2nd Nurse
- Discard if Error
3 mins
Chlorpropamide and Tolbutamide (Orinase) (1st Generation Sulfonylureas)
- Mechanisms
- 1st Generation Sulfonylureas
- Stimulate Release of Insulin
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effects
- Hypoglycemia
- Possible Cardiovascular Toxicity
- Weight Gain
- Considerations
- Exacerbated Hypoglycemia with Beta-blockers
- Avoid During Pregnancy and Breast Feeding
- Avoid Alcohol
2 mins
Glyburide and Glipizide (2nd Generation Sulfonylureas)
- Mechanisms
- 2nd Generation Sulfonylureas
- Blocks Potassium Channels in Beta Cells
- Stimulate Release of Insulin
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effects
- Hypoglycemia
- Considerations
- More Potent
- Beta Blockers Reduce Effects
- Avoid Alcohol
- Avoid Breastfeeding
2 mins
Pioglitazone (Thiazolidinediones)
- -glitazones Suffix
- Mechanism
- Binds PPAR-Gamma
- Decreases Insulin Resistance
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effects
- Weight Gain
- Heart Failure
- Myalgia
- Hypoglycemia
- Upper Respiratory Infection
- Considerations
- Increased Risk of Bladder Cancer
- Increased Fracture Risk in Women
- Monitor Liver Enzymes
2 mins
Repaglinide and Nateglinide (Meglitinides)
- Mechanisms
- Meglitinides
- Increased Insulin Release
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effect
- Hypoglycemia
- Considerations
- Eat Within 30 Minutes
- Gemfibrozil Increases Risk of Hypoglycemia
- Short Half-Life
2 mins
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