Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Ed., Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper & Bucher | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid
Oral Cavity
- Mouth
- Mechanical Digestion
- Salivary Amylase Begins Carbohydrate Breakdown
- Lingual Lipase Begins Lipid Breakdown
- Esophagus
- Bolus
- Peristalsis
Small Intestine Absorption
- Carbohydrates Undergo Active Transport
- Amino Acids Undergo Active Transport
- Small Lipids Undergo Passive Diffusion
- Epithelial Cells
- Intestinal Capillaries
- Hepatic Portal Transports Nutrients
- Liver
- Large Lipids Transported as Chylomicrons
- Lacteals Transport Chylomicrons
GI Absorption
- Stomach
- Alcohol
- Duodenum
- Iron
- Jejunum
- Folate
- Terminal Ileum
- Vitamin B12
- Bile Resorption
Stomach Digestion
- Chief Cells Secrete Pepsinogen
- Pepsinogen Turned to Pepsin By H+
- Protein Breakdown Begins
- Mucous Cells Secrete Mucus and Bicarbonate
- G Cells Secrete Gastrin
- Gastrin Stimulates Parietal Cell HCl Release
- Parietal Cells Secrete Intrinsic Factor
Small Intestine Digestion
- Brush border enzymes
- Pancreatic Enzymes are secreted via a Duct
- Pancreas secretes bicarbonate
- Brush Border activates Pancreatic Trypsin
- Trypsin activates Chymotrypsin
- Trypsin and Chymotrypsin digest Proteins
- Gallbladder Releases Bile
- Pancreatic Lipase breaks down Lipids
- Goblet cells secrete mucus
- Pancreatic Amylase breaks down Carbohydrates
- Pancreatic Nucleases breakdown DNA/RNA
- Digestion occurs in the Duodenum
Large Intestine
- Colon
- Electrolyte Reabsorption
- Water Reabsorption
- Microflora Produce Vitamins
- Rectum Stores Feces
NSAIDs
- Anti-inflammatory
- Analgesic
- Fever
- Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
- Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
- Interstitial Nephritis
- Gastric Ulcer
- Renal Ischemia
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Internal Body Images
- Detects Variations of Soft Tissues
- No Metal Objects
- No Pacemakers
- Contrast is Non-Iodine
- Safe During Pregnancy
- Long Procedure
- Antianxiety Medications
Liver Biopsy Procedure
- Diagnosis of Liver Disease
- Incisional (Open Method)
- Needle Biopsy (Closed Method)
- Coagulation Status
- Type and Crossmatch Blood
- Right-Side Lying
- Post-Biopsy Monitoring
Pancreatin, Pancrelipase (Pancreatic Enzymes)
- Pancreatic Enzymes
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Pancreatic Insufficiency
- GI Distress
- Inactivated by Gastric Acid
- 24 Hour Fat Excretion
- Take with Every Meal and Snack
Liver Enzyme Tests: AST and ALT
- AST/ALT Ratio
- AST: 8-20 U/L
- ALT: 8-20 U/L
Bilirubin Lab Value
- 0.2-1.2 mg/dL
- Increased Bilirubin Causes Jaundice
Cholesterol Lab Values
- LDL (Low Density Cholesterol)
- < 100 mg/dL
- HDL (High Density Cholesterol)
- > 40 mg/dL Males
- > 50 mg/dL Females
- Total Cholesterol
- < 200 mg/dL