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Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Ed., Ignatavicius & Workman, 2020
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53 - Concepts of Care for Patients With Liver Problems

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Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Ed., Ignatavicius & Workman, 2020 | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid

53 - Concepts of Care for Patients With Liver Problems
17 Picmonics to Learn | 29 mins
Complications of Cirrhosis
Portal Hypertension
Ascites
Esophageal Varices
Coagulation Defects
Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy
Hepatorenal Syndrome
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1 min
Cirrhosis Assessment
Mechanism
Degeneration and Destruction of Liver Cells
Signs and Symptoms
Jaundice
Fatigue
Palmar Erythema
Spider Angiomas
Hepatosplenomegaly
Edema
Gynecomastia
Change in LOC
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2 mins
Alcohol Use Disorder Assessment (Formerly Alcohol Abuse Assessment)
Intoxication
CNS Depression
Withdrawal
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Medical Complications
GI Distress
Cardiomyopathy
Pancreatitis
Cirrhosis
Immunosuppression
Sexual Dysfunction
Considerations
Screening (Assessments)
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3 mins
Substance Use Disorder Assessment (Formerly Substance Abuse Assessment)
Changes in Mood
Poor Hygiene
Odd Sleep Patterns
Frequent Injuries
Relationship or Job Difficulty
Poor Performance
Anorexia OR Weight Loss
Social Isolation
Financial Problems
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2 mins
Liver Enzyme Tests: AST and ALT
AST/ALT Ratio
AST: 8-20 U/L
ALT: 8-20 U/L
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1 min
PT/PTT Lab Values
Prothrombin Time (PT)
10-14 seconds
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT or aPTT)
25-35 seconds
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1 min
INR Lab Value
0.8-1.2 Normal Range
Warfarin
2.0-3.0
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1 min
Cirrhosis Interventions
Interventions
Maintain Nutrition
Paracentesis
Esophageal and Gastric Varices
Drug Therapy
Endoscopic Band Ligation or Sclerotherapy
Balloon Tamponade
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Lactulose
Antibiotics
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2 mins
Loop Diuretics
Mechanism of Action
Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl-
Sulfa Drug
Drug Names
Furosemide
Lasix
Side Effects
Ototoxicity from Rapid Injection
Gout
Dehydration
Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia
Orthostatic Hypotension
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2 mins
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Mechanisms
Inhibition of Aldosterone
Potassium Retention
Indications
Hypertension
Edema
Heart Failure
Side Effects
Hyperkalemia
Endocrine Effects
Consideration
Avoid Potassium Supplements
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2 mins
Beta Blockers
"-olol" suffix
Mechanism
Decreases Heart Rate and Contractility
Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance
Decreases Renin Release
Indications
Hypertension
Heart Failure
Angina Pectoris
Contraindications
Asthma and Heart Block Patients
Nursing Considerations
Assess Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
Masking Signs of Hypoglycemia
Do Not Stop Abruptly
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2 mins
Systemic Effects of Beta-Blockers
Respiratory
Bronchoconstriction
Metabolic
Decreased Insulin
Decreased Glycolysis and Lipolysis
Eye
Reduces Intraocular Pressure
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1 min
Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Blockers
Cardiac Myocytes and Vasculature
Decrease cAMP
Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction Velocity
Lower Blood Pressure
Decrease O2 Consumption
Decreases Mortality Post-MI
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2 mins
Hepatitis A (HAV) Assessment
Transmission
Fecal-Oral
Ingestion of Contaminated Food or Water
Incubation
4 Weeks
Assessment
Fever
General Malaise
Hepatomegaly
Considerations
Self-Limiting
Proper Hand Washing
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2 mins
Hepatitis B (HBV) Assessment
Transmission
Bodily Fluids
Blood Transmission
People Who Use IV Drugs
Incubation
Variable 1-6 Months
Assessment
Fever
Nausea and Vomiting
Hepatomegaly
Chronic Disease
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Considerations
Vaccination
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2 mins
Hepatitis C (HCV) Assessment
Transmission
Blood Transmission
High Risk Sex (rare)
IV Drug Users
Incubation
7 Weeks
Chronic Disease
Cirrhosis
Considerations
Barrier Protection
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2 mins
Liver Biopsy Procedure
Indications
Diagnosis of Liver Disease
Types of Liver Biopsy
Incisional (Open Method)
Needle Biopsy (Closed Method)
Considerations
Coagulation Status
Type and Crossmatch Blood
Right-Side Lying
Post-Biopsy Monitoring
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2 mins

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