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Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Ed., Ignatavicius & Workman, 2020
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23 - Concepts of Care for Patients With Skin Problems

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Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Ed., Ignatavicius & Workman, 2020 | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid

23 - Concepts of Care for Patients With Skin Problems
16 Picmonics to Learn | 32 mins
Pressure Ulcers
Risk Factors
Prolonged Immobilization
Neurologic Disease
Decreased Level of Consciousness
Classification
Stage 1: Intact Skin with Non-blanchable Erythema
Stage 2: Partial Thickness Skin Loss
Stage 3: Full-thickness Skin Loss without Fascial Involvement
Stage 4: Full-thickness Skin Loss with Fascial Involvement
Management
Wound Care
Surgery
Considerations
Septicemia
Osteomyelitis
Prevention
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3 mins
Braden Scale
Characteristics
Sensory Perception
Moisture
Activity
Mobility
Nutrition
Friction and Shear
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2 mins
Interventions for Impaired Skin Integrity
Assessment
Signs of Skin Breakdown
Pain
Redness
Decreased Skin Turgor
Bleeding
Bony Prominences
Intervention
Reposition Q2H
Pressure Relief
Maintain Clean and Dry Skin
Adequate Nutrition and Hydration
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2 mins
Scabies
Pathophysiology
Sarcoptes Scabiei Mite
Signs & Symptoms
Pruritus
Papules with Burrows
Webs of Fingers and Toes
Axilla and Nipples
Diagnosis
Skin Scraping
Dermoscopy
Mites and Eggs on Magnification
Treatment
Permethrin Cream
Oral Ivermectin
Lindane Cream
Considerations
Wash All Linens In Hot Water
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3 mins
Psoriasis
Presentation
Epidermal Hyperproliferation Keratinocytes
Defined Red Salmon Plaques
Silvery Scales
Extensor Surfaces
Bleeding when Removed
Auspitz Sign
Pruritus
Nail Changes
Histological Finding
Munro Microabscesses
Nucleated Cells in Stratum Corneum
Treatment
Retinoids
Topical Corticosteroids
Tar
Immunosuppressants
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2 mins
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
Cause/Mechanism
Varicella-Zoster Virus
Assessment
Linear, Unilateral Rash Along a Dermatome
Pruritus
Postherpetic Neuralgia
Interventions
Acyclovir
Analgesics
Gabapentin
Considerations
Contagious Vesicles
Shingrix
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3 mins
Types of Wound Healing
Types of Wounds
Acute
Chronic
Healing Process
Primary Intention
Approximated Edges
Secondary Intention
Edges Not Approximated
Tertiary Intention
Delayed Closure due to Infection and Necrosis
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2 mins
Wound Drainage Types and Devices
Drainage Types
Serous
Serosanguineous
Sanguineous
Purulent
Drainage Devices
T-tube
Penrose
Jackson-Pratt (JP)
Hemovac
Considerations
Record Drainage Amounts
Check Device Function
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2 mins
Skin Functions
Characteristics
Thermoregulation
Protection
Innate Immune Protection
Synthesize Vitamin D
Water and Salt Excretion
Dilated Capillaries are a Blood Reservoir
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2 mins
Types of Burns
Superficial Thickness
Sunburn
Superficial Partial Thickness
Blisters
Blanching
Deep Partial Thickness
Little or Non-blanching
Full Thickness
Waxy White, Yellow or Black
Decreased Pain
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2 mins
Rule of 9's for Burns
Total Body Surface Area (TBSA)
Head
Anterior Torso (18%)
Chest
Abdomen
Posterior Torso (18%)
Upper Back
Lower Back
Extremities
Posterior Leg (each)
Anterior Leg (each)
Each Arm
Genitalia 1%
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2 mins
Parkland Formula
Burn victims
24 hours
TBSA% x Weight x 4 = Fluids
TBSA %
x Weight (kg)
x 4
= Fluid Requirement (in first 24 hrs)
Fluids in first 8 hours
1/2 of fluid given in first 8 hours
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1 min
Burns Assessment
Stage and Extent of Burn
Dyspnea
Singed Nasal Hairs
Pain
Initial Decrease Urinary Output
Paralytic Ileus
Signs of Inadequate Hydration
Shock
Hypothermia
Hyperkalemia
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2 mins
Burns Considerations
Maintain Body Temperature
Increased Risk of Infection
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis
Curling's Ulcer
Excision and Grafting
Adequate Nutrition
Contractures
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2 mins
ABCDEs of Melanoma
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolving
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1 min
Cancer Warning Signs (CAUTION)
CAUTION
Change in Bowel or Bladder Habits
A Sore That Does Not Heal
Unusual Bleeding or Discharge
Thickening or Lump in the Breast or Elsewhere
Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
Obvious Change to Warts or Moles
Nagging Cough
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1 min

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