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Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Ed., Ignatavicius & Workman, 2020
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18 - Concepts of Care for Patients with Hypersensitivity (Allergy) and Autoimmunity

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Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Ed., Ignatavicius & Workman, 2020 | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid

18 - Concepts of Care for Patients with Hypersensitivity (Allergy) and Autoimmunity
15 Picmonics to Learn | 26 mins
Hypersensitivity Type I
Previous Antigen Exposure
Immediate Reaction
IgE Cross-linking
Presensitized Mast Cells
Histamine Release
Vasodilation
Anaphylaxis
Allergies
Treatment
Epinephrine
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type III
Immune Complex
Antigen-antibody (IgG) complex activates complement
Neutrophils release lysozomal enzymes
Examples
Arthus Reaction
Serum Sickness
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type II
Cytotoxic
IgM or IgG antibody-mediated
Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
Mechanism
Opsonization
Complement Activation
NK Cells
Testing
Direct Coombs test
Indirect Coombs Test
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type IV
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity
T Cell Mediated
Antibody Independant
Macrophages Activated
Examples
Transplant Rejection
PPD Skin Test
Contact Dermatitis
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1 min
Inflammatory Response
Pathogens Infect Tissue
Mast Cells Release Histamine
Histamine Dilates and Increases Capillary Permeability
Macrophages Engulf Pathogens
Macrophage Signals Cells With Cytokines
Responding Neutrophils Cross Capillary Wall
B And T Lymphocytes Arrive At Injury Site
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2 mins
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Mechanism
Alpha and Beta Agonist
Indications
Anaphylaxis
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
Bleeding
Cardiac Arrest
Side Effects
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Tremors
Insomnia
Considerations
Multiple Strengths
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2 mins
Anaphylaxis Intervention
Intervention
Assess Airway and Oxygen Needs
Reassure Patient with Anxiety
Supine Position
Methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol)
Epinephrine
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Medical Alert Bracelet
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2 mins
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Assessment
Mechanism
Multisystem Inflammatory Disorder
Assessment
Malar Rash
Discoid Rash
Arrhythmias
Arthritis
Hemolytic Anemia
Seizures
Glomerulonephritis
Considerations
Periods of Exacerbation and Remission
Diagnosed by ANA (Anti-nuclear antibody assay)
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2 mins
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Interventions
Avoid Sunlight
Drug Therapy
Glucocorticoids
Methotrexate
NSAIDs
Hydroxychloroquine
Azathioprine
Considerations
Monitor for Renal Failure (ARF)
Manage Pain
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2 mins
Lyme Disease
Mechanism
Transmitted by Ticks (Vector-borne)
Signs and Symptoms
Flu-like Symptoms
Bulls Eye Rash (Erythema Migrans)
Joint Pain and Stiffness
Facial Paralysis
Considerations
Antibiotics
Prevention
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2 mins
Anxiety Assessment
Mild
Increased Alertness
Heightened Perception
Moderate
Perception Narrowed
Short Attention Span
Shaking
Severe
Ineffective Problem Solving
Automatic Behavior
Hyperventilation
Panic
Hallucinations
Inability to Function or Communicate
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2 mins
Prednisone (Glucocorticoids)
Mechanism
Glucocorticoid
Indications
Inflammatory Conditions
Organ Transplant Rejection
Side Effects
Cataracts and Glaucoma
Cushing's Syndrome
Osteoporosis
Immunosuppression
Hyperglycemia
Ulcers
Considerations
Adrenal Insufficiency
Taper Gradually
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2 mins
Beta-2 Agonists
Short-term Treatment
Terbutaline
Asthma
Tocolysis
Albuterol
Asthma
Long-term Treatment
Salmeterol
Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
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3 mins
Albuterol (Proventil)
Mechanism
Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonist
Indications
Bronchospasm
Asthma
Side Effects
Angina
Tachycardia
Tremor
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1 min
Cromolyn (Mast Cell Stabilizers)
Mechanism
Mast Cell Stabilizer
Indications
Asthma Prophylaxis
Bronchial Inflammation
Allergic Rhinitis
Side Effects
Cough
Bronchospasm
Consideration
Fixed Schedule Administration
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2 mins

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