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Chapter 09: AntibioticsAce Your Karch’s Focus on Nursing Pharmacology, 9th Ed., Tucker Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Registered Nurse (RN) Students
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Karch’s Focus on Nursing Pharmacology, 9th Ed., Tucker | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid
Aminoglycoside Overview
- End in "-mycin"
- GNATS
- Gentamicin
- Neomycin
- Amikacin
- Tobramycin
- Streptomycin
- Mechanism of Action
- Bactericidal
- Indications
- Severe Gram Negative Infections
- Bowel Surgery Prep
1 min
Aminoglycoside Side Effects
- Side Effects
- Ototoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Respiratory Paralysis
- Contraindications
- Pregnancy
- Considerations
- Peak and Trough
- Never Mix with Penicillin in Same IV
2 mins
Imipenem and Meropenem (Carbapenems)
- Mechanism
- Carbapenems
- Broad-spectrum Antibiotic
- Bactericidal
- Indications
- Gram Positive and Gram Negative Infections
- Side Effects
- GI Distress
- Suprainfections
- Seizures
- Considerations
- Penicillin Allergy
- IV or IM Route
- Imipenem Combined with Cilastatin
3 mins
Antibiotics Overview
- Cell Wall Inhibitors
- Cell Wall Inhibitors
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
- Monobactams
- Carbapenems (Imipenem & Meropenem)
- Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- Aminoglycosides
- Macrolides
- Clindamycin
- Tetracyclines
- Linezolid
- Chloramphenicol
- Other
- Fluoroquinolones
- Sulfonamides
4 mins
Cephalosporins
- Starts with "Cef-"
- Mechanism of Action
- Bactericidal
- Indications
- Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Infections
- Side Effects
- Allergic Reactions
- Thrombophlebitis
- Bleeding
- Contraindications
- Renal Impairment
- Considerations
- Avoid IV Calcium with Ceftriaxone
- No Alcohol
2 mins
Fluoroquinolones
- End in "-floxacin"
- Mechanism of Action
- Bactericidal
- Indications
- Variety of Infections
- Side Effects
- GI Distress
- Photosensitivity
- Achilles Tendon Rupture
- Contraindications
- Pregnancy
- Children
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Considerations
- Avoid Milk Products or Antacids
- Slow IV Infusion
2 mins
Fluoroquinolones Toxicities
- Diarrhea
- Skin Rash
- Headache
- Tendon Rupture in Adults
- Myalgias in Kids
- Damage to Cartilage
- Teratogen
- QT Prolongation
1 min
Penicillin
- Mechanism of Action
- Weakens Cell Wall
- Indications
- Gram-Positive Infections
- Prophylaxis
- Side Effects
- Pain at IM Injection Site
- Allergic Reaction
- Considerations
- Skin Tests
- Allergy ID
- Medication Education
2 mins
Sulfonamides
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Indications
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Side Effects
- Crystalluria
- Photosensitivity
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Kernicterus
- Rash
- Considerations
- Sulfa Allergy
- Encourage Fluids
2 mins
Sulfonamides Side Effects
- Side Effects
- Hypersensitivity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Photosensitivity
- Kernicterus in Infants
- Displaces Warfarin from Albumin
- Considerations
- Hemolysis with G6PD Deficiency
3 mins
Tetracycline Toxicities
- Inhibition of Bone Growth in Children
- Teratogen
- Discoloration of Teeth
- Photosensitivity
- GI Distress
2 mins
Tetracyclines Overview
- End in "-cycline"
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Indications
- Infectious Diseases
- Acne
- Periodontal Disease
- Nursing Considerations
- Avoid Milk, Antacids, Iron
- Sunlight Protection
1 min
Tetracyclines Side Effects
- Side Effects
- Superinfection
- Clostridioides difficile
- Discoloration of Teeth
- Bone Deformities
- Photosensitivity
- Contraindications
- Children Under 8
- Pregnancy
1 min
Ethambutol
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Blocks Arabinosyltransferase
- Arabinosyltransferase Polymerizes Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrate Polymers Make Mycobacterium TB Cell Wall
- Side Effects
- Red/Green Color Blindness
- Reversible with Drug Discontinuation
40 secs
Isoniazid
- Indications
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Mechanism of Action
- Requires Catalase Peroxidase
- Decreases Mycolic Acid Synthesis
- Fast vs Slow Acetylators
- Side Effects
- B6 Deficiency
- Neurotoxicity
- Hepatotoxicity
- Drug-induced Lupus
1 min
Isoniazid (INH)
- Mechanism
- Interferes with DNA Metabolism
- Indications
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Side Effects
- Optic Neuritis
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Hepatotoxicity
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Considerations
- Vitamin B6 Prophylaxis
- Monitor AST/ALT
2 mins
Clindamycin
- Mechanism
- Bacteriostatic
- Binds 50S Ribosomal Subunit
- Indications
- Gram-Positive Infections
- Anaerobic Infections
- Side Effects
- Rash
- Pseudomembranous Colitis
- C. Difficile (Associated Diarrhea)
- Arrhythmias
- Blood Dyscrasias
- Considerations
- Monitor for Diarrhea
3 mins
Linezolid (Zyvox)
- Mechanism Of Action
- Oxazolidinone Antibiotic
- Binds 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit
- Inhibits Protein Synthesis
- Indication
- Gram-Positive Organisms
- MRSA
- VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci)
- Side Effects
- Bone Marrow Suppression
- Decreased Platelet Count
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Lactic Acidosis
- Serotonin Syndrome
- Considerations & Patient Education
- Avoid Tyramine Containing Foods
4 mins
Macrolides
- Bacteriostatic
- Erythromycin
- Azithromycin
- Clarithromycin
- Bind to 23S rRNA of 50S subunit
- Inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation
- Gram-Positive Cocci
- Atypical pneumonia
- Chlamydia
- Resistance by methylation of 23S rRNA binding
1 min
Macrolides Side Effects
- Side Effects
- Diarrhea
- Prolonged QT Interval
- P450 Inhibitor
- Cholestatic Hepatitis
- Skin Rash
- Eosinophilia
3 mins
Macrolides
- End in "-thromycin"
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Indications
- Alternative for Penicillin Allergy
- Respiratory Infections
- Pneumonia
- Side Effects
- QT Prolongation and Sudden Death
- C.Diff Overgrowth
- GI Distress
- Considerations
- Slow IV Infusion
2 mins
P450 Inhibitors
- Quinidine
- Ciprofloxacin
- Isoniazid
- Grapefruit Juice
- Acute Alcohol Use
- Erythromycin (Macrolide)
- Indinavir
- Cimetidine
- Sulfonamides
- Ketoconazole
- Amiodarone
2 mins
