Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 9th Ed., Lilley, Rainforth Collins & Snyder, 2019 | Practical Nurse (LPN) School Study Aid
Vitamin A (Retinol)
- Maintains Mucous Membranes
- Eyes and Skin
- Dietary Deficiency
- Skin Disorders
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Jaundice
- Increased ICP
- Vomiting
- Teratogen
- Animal Food Products
- Dark Green and Orange Fruits/Vegetables
Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
- Vitamin D3
- Dietary Supplement
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Fatigue
- Constipation
- Hypercalcemia
- Kidney Stones
- More Effective Than Ergocalciferol
- Hypervitaminosis D
Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)
- Vitamin D2
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Rickets
- Hypophosphatemia
- Fatigue
- Constipation
- Hypercalcemia
- Kidney Stones
Vitamin E (Alpha-tocopherol)
- Antioxidant
- Fat Malabsorption Syndrome
- Alpha-TTP Deficiency
- Bleeding
- Increased Risk Hemorrhagic Stroke
- Limit Doses < 200 IU per Day
- Nuts and Whole Grains
- Vegetable Oils
Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione)
- Synthesizes Clotting Factors II, VII, IX, X
- Hypoprothrombinemia
- Newborn Prophylaxis
- Bleeding from Warfarin Overdose
- Shock
- Kernicterus
- Cardiac Arrest
- Bile Salts required for Intestinal Absorption
- Increased Risks with IV Administration
Beriberi (Thiamine Deficiency)
- Thiamine Deficiency
- Dry Beriberi
- Polyneuritis
- Muscle Wasting
- Wet Beriberi
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Edema
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Dietary Deficiency
- Beriberi
- Wernicke-Korsakoff
- Alcoholics Highest Risk
- Give Before Glucose
- Give IM or IV
- Enriched Whole Grains
- Pork
Vitamin B3 - Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
- Decreases Triglycerides
- Decreases LDL
- Increases HDL
- Dyslipidemia
- Pellagra
- Diarrhea
- Dermatitis
- Dementia
- Flushing
- GI Distress
- Hepatotoxicity
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
- Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism
- Heme Synthesis
- Neurotransmitters
- Adjunct to Isoniazid
- Dietary Deficiency
- Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
- Ataxia
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Levodopa
- Cereals and Meats
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
- Antioxidant
- Collagen Formation
- Steroid Synthesis
- Dietary Deficiency
- Scurvy
- GI Distress
- Citrus Fruits
- May Improve Healing
Hypoparathyroidism
- Hypocalcemia
- Lethargy
- Tetany
- Arrhythmias
- Decreased Calcium and Increased Phosphorus
- IV Calcium Chloride
- Rebreather Mask
- Lifelong Medications
- Oral Calcium Supplements with Vitamin D
Hypocalcemia Causes
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Hypomagnesemia (Less Common Hypermagnesemia)
- Hypovitaminosis D
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Medications
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Malnutrition
- Acute Pancreatitis
- Alkalosis
- Sepsis
- Chronic Kidney Disease
Hypercalcemia Treatments
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- Hydration
- Dialysis
- Calcium Restriction
- Bisphosphonates
- Calcitonin
- Cinacalcet
- Glucocorticosteroids
- Denosumab
Hypocalcemia Treatments
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- IV Calcium Gluconate
- Cardioprotective
- Calcium Carbonate
- Calcium Citrate
- Vitamin D Supplements
- Treat Hypomagnesemia
Hypercalcemia
- > 10.5 mg/dL Ca2+
- Pathologic Fractures
- Lethargy
- Hypercoagulation
- Constipation
- ECG Changes
- QT Shortening
- No Calcium Intake
- Chelating Drugs
- Calcitonin
- Bisphosphonates
- Loop Diuretics instead of Thiazide Diuretics
- Increased Risk for Renal Calculi
- Increase Fluids
Hypermagnesemia
- Flushing
- Lethargy
- Muscle Weakness
- Decreased Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs)
- Decreased Respirations
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Dialysis
- IV Calcium Gluconate
- Diuretics
- Avoid Antacids and Laxatives containing Mg2+
Hypomagnesemia
- Confusion
- Increased Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs)
- Neuromuscular Irritability
- Seizures
- Muscle Cramps
- Tremors
- Insomnia
- Tachycardia
- Magnesium Sulfate
- Foods High in Magnesium
Magnesium (Mg2+) Lab Value