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Fundamentals of Nursing, 9th Ed., Potter, Perry, Stockert & Hall, 2017 | Practical Nurse (LPN) School Study Aid

Scoliosis

S Shaped Lateral Spinal Rotation

Unequal Shoulder and Scapula Height

Uneven Gait

Impaired Oxygenation

Hump when Bending Forward

Body Braces

Worn 23 Hours/Day

Surgery

Adolescent Screening

3 mins

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

Abnormal Femoral Head in Acetabulum

Positive Barlow Sign

Clicking with Adduction

Positive Ortolani Sign

Clicking with Abduction

Asymmetrical Limb Lengths and Folds (Gluteal and Thigh)

Trendelenburg Sign

Abduction Device

Pavlik Harness

Closed Reduction

3 mins

Osteoporosis Assessment

Postmenopausal Women

Long Term Corticosteroids

Kyphosis

Dowager's Hump

Loss of Height

Back Pain

Pathologic Fractures

Spinal Compression Fracture

1 min

Clubfoot

Multifactorial Congenital Anomalies

Fetal Position

Deformed Foot and Ankle Position

Talipes Equinovarus

Serial Casting

Ponseti Method

Early Surgery

2 mins

Immobility

Mobility Continuum

Cardiovascular

Respiratory

Musculoskeletal

Integumentary

Gastrointestinal

Urinary

Turn, Cough, Deep Breathe (TCDB)

Range of Motion (ROM)

Skin Care

Fluids

Balanced Diet

2 mins

Venous Thromboembolism (DVT) Assessment

Venous Wall Inflammation caused by Thrombus

Tenderness

Edema

Warmth

Asymmetry

Could be Asymptomatic

Monitor for Pulmonary Embolism

58 secs

Supine Hypotension (Vena Cava Syndrome)

Compression of the Vena Cava and Descending Aorta

Hypotension

Dizziness

Tachycardia

Decreased Renal Perfusion

Decreased Uteroplacental Perfusion

Side-lying Position

2 mins

Renal Calculi Assessment

Hypercalcemia (Most Commonly)

Flank Pain

Radiates Toward Bladder

Renal Colic

Urinary Tract Infection

Urinary Retention

Hematuria

Stone Recurrence

2 mins

Pressure Ulcers

Prolonged Immobilization

Neurologic Disease

Decreased Level of Consciousness

Stage 1: Intact Skin with Non-blanchable Erythema

Stage 2: Partial Thickness Skin Loss

Stage 3: Full-thickness Skin Loss without Fascial Involvement

Stage 4: Full-thickness Skin Loss with Fascial Involvement

Wound Care

Surgery

Septicemia

Osteomyelitis

Prevention

3 mins

Age 18 Months - Developmental Milestones

Walks Independently

Climbs On/Off Furniture Without Help

Drinks from Open Cup Independently

Scribbles

Eats with Fingers

Tries to Use a Spoon

Stacks Three Blocks

Attempts Three-word Phrases

Follows One-step Commands

Checks While Moving Away

Points to Objects

Engages With Toys Simply

Copies Parent Doing Chores

Extends Hands for Washing

2 mins

Age 5 Years - Developmental Milestones

Buttons Some Buttons

Hops on One Foot

Prints Letters

Counts to 10

Uses Simple Rhymes

>3 Back-and-forth Exchanges

Answers Simple Questions

Tells a Story

Names Some Letters When Pointed

Follows Rules

Sings, Dances, Acts

Does Simple Chores

2 mins

Age 2 Months - Developmental Milestones

Holds Head Up, But Unsteady

Moves Both Arms and Both Legs

Opens Hands Briefly

Tracks Objects to the Midline

Produces Sounds Aside from Crying

Reacts to Loud Noise

Social Smile

Recognizes Parents

Soothed When Spoken to or Picked Up

2 mins

Age 4 Months - Developmental Milestones

Keeps Head Steady Without Support

Pushes Up on Elbows While on Tummy

Holds a Toy in Hands

Moves Hands Towards Mouth

Cooing

Turns to Voice

Chuckles

Enjoys Looking Around

Looks at Hands With Interest

Opens Mouth When Hungry

2 mins

Age 6 Months - Developmental Milestones

Sits Propped Up On Hands

Rolls

Raking Grasp

Makes Squealing Noises

Blows "Raspberries"

Turn-Taking in Sounds

Laughs

Enjoys Looking at Self in a Mirror

Recognizes Familiar People

Closes Lips to Signal Fullness

Puts Objects in Mouth

Reaches for Desired Toys

2 mins

Age 9 Months - Developmental Milestones

Sits Up Independently

Transfers Objects Between Hands

Uses Fingers to Pull Food Toward Self

Produces Various Sounds Like "mamamama" and "bababababa"

Raises Arms to be Lifted Up

Separation Anxiety

Shows Facial Expressions

Looks When Calling Name

Smiles or Laughs at Peek-a-boo

Looks for Dropped Objects Out of Sight

Bangs Two Items Together

2 mins

Age 1 Year - Developmental Milestones

Pulls Up to Stand

First Steps

Drinks From an Open Cup with Assistance

Two-Finger Pincer Grasp

Understands “No”

Waves "Bye-Bye"

"Mama & Dada"

Plays Pat-A-Cake

Puts Block in Cup

Searches for Hidden Toys

2 mins

Age 2 Years - Developmental Milestones

Kicks a Ball

Runs

Walks Up Stairs With Help

Stacks Six Blocks

Feeds Self With a Spoon

Two-Word Phrases

Points to Book Items as Prompted

Demonstrates Varied Gestures

Identifies Body Parts When Prompted

Shows Empathy

Holds and Manipulates Objects Simultaneously

Engages With Multiple Toys

2 mins

Age 3 Years - Developmental Milestones

Starts Dressing Independently

Rides Tricycle

Stack Nine Block Tower

Threads Items Together

Copies Circle

Uses Fork

Engages in Two-way Conversation

75% Speech Understood by Stranger

Says First Name

Avoids Hot Objects When Warned

Joins Other Kids in Play

2 mins

Age 4 Years - Developmental Milestones

Unbuttons Some Buttons

Catches a Large Ball

Serves Food or Pours Water With Help

Copies Line, Circle, Stick Figure

100% Speech Understandable

Identifies Colors

Cooperative Play

Imaginary Friends

Likes Being a “Helper”

Avoids Danger

2 mins

Anterior Thorax Muscles

Pectoralis Minor

Pectoralis Major

Serratus Anterior

Intercostals (External, Internal, Innermost)

Subcostales

Transversus Thoracis

Diaphragm

2 mins

Neck and Shoulder Muscles

Splenius Capitis

Trapezius

Rhomboid Minor

Rhomboid Major

Deltoid

Latissimus Dorsi

Levator Scapulae

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Teres Major

2 mins

Hand Muscles

Opponens Pollicis

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Abductor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Lumbricals

Interossei (Palmar and Dorsal)

Palmaris Brevis

Adductor Pollicis

2 mins

Back Muscles

Latissimus Dorsi

External Oblique

Internal Oblique

Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Maximus

Erector Spinae

Serratus Anterior

Serratus Posterior

2 mins

Posterior Thigh Muscles

Sciatic Nerve

Biceps Femoris

Long and Short Head

Flex Knee

Extend Hip

Laterally Rotate Hip

Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus

Flex Knee

Extend Thigh

Medially Rotate Thigh and Leg

1 min

Muscle Types

Skeletal Muscle

Somatic Nervous System

Striated

Multinucleate

Cardiac Muscle

Autonomic Nervous System

Myogenic

Gap Junctions

Uninucleate

Smooth Muscle

2 mins

Anterior Thigh Muscles

Femoral Nerve

Iliopsoas

Psoas Innervated by L1-3

Sartorius

Pectineus

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Intermedius

Vastus Medialis

Rectus Femoris

2 mins

Medial Thigh Muscles

Adduct the Thigh

Obturator Nerve

Adductor Magnus

Tibial Nerve

Adductor Longus

Adductor Brevis

Gracilis

Obturator Externus

Laterally Rotates Thigh

1 min

Deep Gluteal Muscles

Lateral Rotation and Abduction

Gluteus Minimus

Medially Rotates Leg

Piriformis

Superior Gemellus

Obturator Internus

Inferior Gemellus

Quadratus Femoris

Sacrotuberous Ligament

1 min

Pulmonary Embolism Assessment

Shortness of Breath (SOB)

Pleuritic Chest Pain

Tachypnea

Hemoptysis

Hypoxemia

Sudden Death

52 secs

Pulmonary Embolism Causes

FAT BAT Mnemonic

Fat

Air

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Bacteria

Amniotic Fluid

Tumor

Hypercoagulable

Central Venous Lines

Immobilized

1 min

Braden Scale

Sensory Perception

Moisture

Activity

Mobility

Nutrition

Friction and Shear

2 mins

Osteoporosis Interventions

Increased Calcium Intake

Vitamin D Supplements

Bisphosphonates

Raloxifene

Denosumab

Calcitonin

Teriparatide

Bone Densitometry (DEXA) Scan

Weight Bearing Exercises

2 mins

Venous Thromboembolism (DVT) Interventions

Anticoagulants

Prevention Education

Frequent Ambulation

Leg Exercises

Compression Stockings or SCD's

Avoid Nicotine and Oral Contraceptives

Surgery

1 min

Patient Position Overview

Trochanter Roll

Trapeze Bar

Ankle-Foot Orthotic (AFO) Devices

Fowlers Position

Supine Position

Trendelenburg

Side-Lying Position

Prone Position

Sims' Position

Reposition q2 Hours/Prevent Skin Breakdown

Confirm Body Alignment

2 mins

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