Ace Your First Aid for the USMLE Step 2 CK (10th Ed.) Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Medicine (MD/DO) Students

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First Aid for the USMLE Step 2 CK (10th Ed.) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

Muscular Dystrophy

X-linked Recessive

Muscle Weakness

Motor Problems

Gower Sign

Large Calves

Waddling Gait

Loss of Ambulation

Cardiac and Respiratory Failure

2 mins

Ewing's Sarcoma

Most Common in Boys < 15 years old

11;22 Translocation

Long bones, Pelvis, Ribs

Diaphysis

Small Blue Cells

Malignant

Aggressive

Onion-skin Appearance

Responsive to Chemotherapy

2 mins

Osteosarcoma

Osteogenic Sarcoma

Peak incidence men 10-20 years old

Metaphysis of Long Bones

Knee Region

Radiation

Familial Retinoblastoma

Paget's Disease

Codman Triangle

Sunburst Pattern from Elevated Periosteum

Grave Prognosis

2 mins

Supracondylar Fracture Of Humerus

Fall On Outstretched Hand (FOOSH)

More Common In Children

Elbow Pain & Swelling

X-ray Shows Elbow Effusion

Anterior Sail Sign

Posterior Fat Pad Sign

Non-displaced: Splint And Sling

Displaced: Closed Reduction With Percutaneous Pin Placement

Compartment Syndrome

Volkmann Ischemic Contracture

Brachial Artery Injury

Median Nerve Palsy

Cubitus Varus Deformity

3 mins

Types of Fractures

Nondisplaced

Displaced

Incomplete

Complete

Closed

Open

Direction of Fracture Line

2 mins

Salter-Harris Fracture Classification

SMACK

Slipped Across Physis (Type 1)

Metaphysis and Physis (Type 2)

Articular-Epiphyseal (Type 3)

Complete Metaphysis and Epiphysis (Type 4)

Krushed Physis (Type 5)

2 mins

Nursemaid's Elbow (Radial Head Subluxation)

Radial Head Subluxation

Inferiorly Under Annular Ligament

Axial Traction on Forearm

Pulled or Lifted by the Hand or Forearm

Children Aged (1-4 Years Old)

Extended & Pronated Forearm

Refusal to Bend Elbow

Manual Reduction

Hyperpronation of Forearm

Gentle Supination of Elbow at 90 Degrees Flexion

No Immobilization

3 mins

Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Tibial Tubercle Apophysitis)

Apophysitis of Tibial Tubercle

Active, Young Boys

Running and Jumping

Overuse Injury

Recent Growth Spurt

Diagnosis Made on History

Anterior Knee Pain

Enlarged Tibial Tubercle

Edema

Rest

NSAIDs

Activity Restriction

Self-limiting

2 mins

Myotonic Dystrophy

Autosomal Dominant

Trinucleotide Repeat

CTG

Facial Muscle Weakness

Frontal Balding

Sustained Grip

Conduction Defects

Cataracts

Selective Atrophy of Type 1 Fibers

Testicular Atrophy

2 mins

Clubfoot

Multifactorial Congenital Anomalies

Fetal Position

Deformed Foot and Ankle Position

Talipes Equinovarus

Serial Casting

Ponseti Method

Early Surgery

2 mins

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

Abnormal Femoral Head in Acetabulum

Positive Barlow Sign

Clicking with Adduction

Positive Ortolani Sign

Clicking with Abduction

Asymmetrical Limb Lengths and Folds (Gluteal and Thigh)

Trendelenburg Sign

Abduction Device

Pavlik Harness

Closed Reduction

3 mins

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

Idiopathic Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head

Boys 5-7 Years of Age

Symptoms < 18 Months

Painless Limp

Limited Range of Motion

Intermittent Anterior Thigh Pain

Insidious Pain in Knee

Atrophy of Upper Thigh

AP and Frog Leg Lateral X-ray

Compression and Deformity of Femoral Head

Bed Rest

NSAIDs

Containment with Brace or Cast

Surgery

4 mins

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)

Separation of Femoral Epiphysis from Femoral Neck

Through Growth Plate (Physeal Plate)

Obesity

Male Adolescents

African American

Growth and Sex Hormone Imbalances

Thigh or Knee Pain

Inability to Bear Weight

Decreased Internal Rotation of Hip

Obligate External Rotation of Hip with Flexion

Frog Leg Lateral X-ray

Surgical Pinning

Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head

3 mins

Scoliosis

S Shaped Lateral Spinal Rotation

Unequal Shoulder and Scapula Height

Uneven Gait

Impaired Oxygenation

Hump when Bending Forward

Body Braces

Worn 23 Hours/Day

Surgery

Adolescent Screening

3 mins

Charcot Marie Tooth Disease

Hereditary Motor Sensory Neuropathy

Autosomal Dominant

PMP22 Duplication

Schwann Cell Dysfunction

Distal Muscle Weakness

Foot Drop

Calf Muscle Atrophy

Scoliosis

Hammertoes

Pes Cavus

Onion-skin Appearance on Nerve Biopsy

Electrodiagnostic Studies

5 mins

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Antigen Presentation Defect

Lytic Bone Lesions

Skull

Hypopituitarism

Diabetes Insipidus

Skin Rash

Recurrent Otitis Media

Birbeck Granules

"Tennis Racket" Appearance

S100 Positive

Observation

Prednisone +/- Vinblastine

4 mins

Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome

Overuse Injury

Periosteal Inflammation

Diffuse Tibial Pain

Diagnosis by Clinical Impression

Conservative Therapy

1 min

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