Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury Pathophysiology and Presentation
- Decreased Renal Perfusion
- Decreased GFR
- Increased Sodium and Water Reabsorption
- Edema
- Dyspnea
- Hypotension with Tachycardia
- Altered Mental Status
- Oliguria
- NSAIDs
- Renal Artery Stenosis
- ACE Inhibitors
Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury Diagnosis and Management
- BUN:Creatinine Ratio > 20:1
- Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) < 1%
- Urine Osmolality > 500 mOsm/kg
- Hyaline Casts
- Fluid Replacement
- Monitor Renal Function
- Diuretics
Postrenal Acute Kidney Injury Pathophysiology and Presentation
- Bilateral Outflow Obstruction
- Decreased GFR
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Nephrolithiasis
- Neoplasm
- Neurogenic Bladder
- Bladder Distension
- Lower Abdominal Pain
- Edema
- Oliguria
Post Renal Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Diagnosis and Management
- Physical Examination
- BUN:Creatinine ratio of 20:1 in the Initial Stages
- BUN:Creatinine ratio of 10:1 in the late stages
- Urine Osmolality <350 mOsm/kg
- Variable Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa)
- Ultrasound
- CT Scan
- Treat Underlying Cause