Chloramphenicol
- Bacteriostatic
- Inhibits 50S Peptidyltransferase Activity
- Meningitis
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Pregnant Women
- Anemia
- Aplastic Anemia
- Gray Baby Syndrome due to Decreased UDP-Glucuronyl Transferase
- Resistance Caused by Plasmid Encoded Acetyltransferase
Methotrexate
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Cancer
- Medical Abortion
- Folic Acid Analog
- Inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Myelosuppression is Treated with Leucovorin Rescue (Folinic Acid)
- Macrocytic Anemia
- Hepatitis
- Teratogenic
- Mucositis
Linezolid (Zyvox)
- Oxazolidinone Antibiotic
- Binds 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit
- Inhibits Protein Synthesis
- Gram-Positive Organisms
- MRSA
- VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci)
- Bone Marrow Suppression
- Decreased Platelet Count
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Lactic Acidosis
- Serotonin Syndrome
- Avoid Tyramine Containing Foods
Cyclophosphamide
- Requires Bioactivation by Liver
- Cross-links DNA
- Guanine N7 Position
- Autoimmune Disorders
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Solid Tumors
- Myelosuppression
- Hemorrhagic Cystitis
- Prevent with Mesna
Sulfonamides Side Effects
- Hypersensitivity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Photosensitivity
- Kernicterus in Infants
- Displaces Warfarin from Albumin
- Hemolysis with G6PD Deficiency
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
- NSAID
- COX Inhibitor
- General Pain
- Fever
- Inflammatory Conditions
- GI Ulcers
- Nephrotoxicity
- Rash
- Avoid with Alcohol
- Risk of Thrombotic Event
Fluoroquinolones Toxicities
- Diarrhea
- Skin Rash
- Headache
- Tendon Rupture in Adults
- Myalgias in Kids
- Damage to Cartilage
- Teratogen
- QT Prolongation
Aspirin
- Fever
- Pain and Headache
- Cardiovascular Disease (CAD)
- Irreversible inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
- Suppress Thromboxanes and Prostaglandins
- NSAID
- Reye's Syndrome
- Tinnitus
- Peptic Ulceration
- Mixed Acidosis/Alkalosis
- Nephropathy
Daptomycin (Cubicin)
- Lipopeptide Antibiotic
- Disrupts Cell Membrane
- Causes Rapid Depolarization
- Gram-Positive Cocci
- MRSA
- Myopathy
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Inactivated by Surfactant
- Not Used (Avoid) for Pneumonia
NSAIDs
- Anti-inflammatory
- Analgesic
- Fever
- Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
- Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
- Interstitial Nephritis
- Gastric Ulcer
- Renal Ischemia
Isoniazid
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Requires Catalase Peroxidase
- Decreases Mycolic Acid Synthesis
- Fast vs Slow Acetylators
- B6 Deficiency
- Neurotoxicity
- Hepatotoxicity
- Drug-induced Lupus
Ganciclovir
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Immunocompromised
- Guanosine Analog
- Disrupts DNA Synthesis
- Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase
- Hematologic Effects
- Nephrotoxicity
Carbamazepine
- First-line Seizure Medication
- First Line for Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Stabilizes Inactive State of Na+ Channels
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Induce Cytochrome P450
- Teratogen
- Hepatotoxicity
- Blood Dyscrasias
Protease Inhibitors
- End in "-navir"
- HIV/AIDS
- Hepatitis C
- Inhibit Protease
- Unable to Cleave Proteins
- Inhibits Maturation of New Virus
- GI Distress
- Nephropathy
- Lipodystrophy
- Hyperglycemia
Lamotrigine
- Seizure Treatment
- Bipolar Disorder
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Sulfa Drug Allergies
- Sulfasalazine
- Sulfonylureas
- Thiazide Diuretics
- Acetazolamide
- Furosemide Diuretic
- Celecoxib
- Probenecid
Phenytoin
- Status Epilepticus
- Tonic-Clonic Seizures
- Blocks Na+ Channel Activation
- Inhibition of Glutamate Release
- Class IB Antiarrhythmic
- Teratogenic
- Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
- Induce Cytochrome P450
- Drug-induced Lupus
- Neuropathy
- Hirsutism
- Gingival Hyperplasia
Hydralazine
- Reduce Afterload
- Severe Hypertension
- Safe during Pregnancy
- CHF
- Increases cGMP
- Vasodilates Arterioles
- Drug-induced Lupus
- Reflex Tachycardia
Valproic Acid (Valproate) Side Effects
- Vomiting
- Alopecia
- Liver Toxicity
- Pancreatitis/Pancytopenia
- Retain Fat (Weight Gain)
- Oedema (Edema)
- Appetite Increase
- Tremor
- Enzyme Inhibitor (P450)
Statins
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Hepatotoxicity
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
- Decrease LDL
- Decrease Triglycerides
- Increase HDL
Clozapine (Clozaril)
- Atypical Antipsychotic
- Schizophrenia
- Levodopa-Induced Psychosis
- Weight Gain
- Hypersalivation (Sialorrhea)
- Myocarditis
- Agranulocytosis
- Sedation
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Constipation (Risk of Bowel Ileus)
- Weekly Lab Tests
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Side Effects
- Nephrotoxicity
- Hepatotoxicity
- Infection
- Hypertension
- Hirsutism
- Tremor
- Hyperkalemia
- Hypomagnesemia
- Gingival Hyperplasia
Niacin Therapy (Vitamin B3)
- Inhibits Lipolysis in Adipose Tissue
- Reduces Hepatic VLDL Secretion
- Decrease Triglycerides
- Decrease LDL
- Increase HDL
- Flushing
- Decreased by Aspirin
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperuricemia
Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ
- Inhibits Reabsorption NaCl and H2O
- Edema
- Mild to Moderate Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- Hyponatremia
- Dehydration
- Hyperglycemia
- Gout
- Sulfa Allergy
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Penicillin
- Gram Positive
- Spirochetes
- Bind PBPs
- Block Transpeptidase Cross-linking of Cell Wall
- Activate Autolytic Enzymes
- Bactericidal
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Beta-lactamase Sensitive
Fibrates
- Hyperlipidemia
- Upregulate LPL
- Decreases Triglycerides
- Slight Increase in HDL
- Slight Decrease in LDL
- Hepatotoxicity
- Cholesterol Gallstones
Aromatase Inhibitors
- Estrogen Receptor-positive (ER+) Breast Tumors
- Systemic Metastases
- Reversible, non-steroid
- Letrozole
- Anastrozole
- Irreversible, steroid
- Exemestane
- Osteoporosis
- Arthritis
Cephalosporins Overview
- Beta lactam drug
- Inhibits cell wall synthesis
- Bactericidal
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Vitamin K Deficiency
- Disulfiram like reaction with Alcohol
- Increased Nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides
Propylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole (MMI)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Inhibits Thyroid Peroxidase
- PTU Blocks Peripheral Conversion of T4 to T3
- Agranulocytosis
- Skin Rash
- Hepatotoxicity (PTU)
- Teratogen (MMI)
Vancomycin Side Effects & Toxicity
- Thrombophlebitis
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity
- Diffuse Flushing Called Red Man Syndrome
- Prevent with Antihistamine
- Prevent with Slow Infusion
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- "-prazole" Suffix
- Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
- Gastritis
- Peptic Ulcer
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Inhibit H+/K+/ATPase
- Hip fracture
- Pneumonia
Loop Diuretics
- Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
- Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl- Symporter
- Sulfa Drug
- Furosemide
- Lasix
- Gout
- Ototoxicity
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypokalemia
Tetracycline Toxicities
- Inhibition of Bone Growth in Children
- Teratogen
- Discoloration of Teeth
- Photosensitivity
- GI Distress
Metoclopramide
- Antiemetic
- Promotility Agent
- Increased Resting Tone
- Antagonist at D2 Receptor
- Parkinsonian Symptoms
- Galactorrhea
- Small Bowel Obstruction
- Parkinson's Disease