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Other Urologic Pathology

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Pathology | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

Other Urologic Pathology
10 Picmonics to Learn | 31 mins
Varicocele
Pathophysiology
Dilation of Pampiniform Plexus Veins
Signs and Symptoms
Soft Left-Sided Scrotal Mass
Bag of Worms
Increased Size with Standing or Valsalva
Decreased Size while Supine
Testicular Atrophy
Subfertility
Diagnosis
Ultrasound
Retrograde Venous Flow
Treatment
Surgical Gonadal Vein Ligation
Scrotal Support
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3 mins
Hydrocele
Mechanism
Impaired Lymphatic Drainage
Signs and Symptoms
Large Scrotum
Painless
Considerations
Needle Aspiration or Surgery
Scrotal Support
Monitor for Bleeding and Infection
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1 min
Erectile Dysfunction
Cause/Mechanism
Age-Related Changes
Psychological
Medical Conditions
Drug-Induced
Assessment
Sexual Dysfunction (Unable to Maintain Erection)
Interventions
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibitors
Vacuum Constriction Devices
Intraurethral Devices
Penile Implants
Considerations
Sexual Counseling
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2 mins
Liddle Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Collecting Duct
Gain of Function Mutation in Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC)
Excess Na+ and H2O Reabsorption
Clinical Features
Decreased Renin
Decreased Aldosterone
Hypertension with Hypokalemia
Metabolic Alkalosis
Pseudohyperaldosteronism
Treatment
Amiloride and Triamterene
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3 mins
Gitelman Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Defective Sodium-Chloride Cotransporter in Distal Tubule
Mechanism Mimics Thiazide Diuretics
Clinical Presentation
Cramping and Tetany
Severe Fatigue
Polyuria
Diagnosis
Hypokalemia
Metabolic Alkalosis
High Urine Chloride
Treatment
Electrolyte Supplements
Spironolactone
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4 mins
Syndrome Of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess (SAME)
Pathophysiology
11 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Elevated Cortisol
Low Renin
Low Aldosterone
Causes
Autosomal-Recessive
Licorice (glycyrrhetinic acid) Ingestion
Signs & Symptoms
Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Metabolic Alkalosis
Treatment
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
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4 mins
Testicular Torsion
Characteristics
Sudden Twisting of Spermatic Cord
Affects Neonates and Adolescents
Bell Clapper Deformity
Clinical Features
Severe Acute Testicular Pain
Abnormal Testicular Position
Nausea and Vomiting
Diagnosis
Doppler Ultrasound of the Scrotum
Treatment
Emergent Surgical Intervention
Manual Detorsion
Considerations
Testicular Infarction
Infertility in Males
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4 mins
Bartter Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
Defective NKCC Cotransporter
Decreased Na+ Reabsorption
Decreased Ca2+ Reabsorption
Increased Aldosterone
Clinical Features
Hypovolemia
Polyuria and Polydipsia
Metabolic Alkalosis
Mimics Loop Diuretics
Nephrolithiasis
Treatment
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
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4 mins
Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ
Bowenoid Papulosis
Bowenoid Papulosis
HPV 16
Multiple Reddish-brown Papules
Monitor for Progression
Bowen Disease
Bowen Disease
HPV 16, 18
Arsenic and Sun Exposure
Leukoplakia
Fluorouracil (5-FU)
Erythroplasia of Queyrat
Erythroplasia of Queyrat
HPV 16, 18
Uncircumcised
Red Papules or Plaques
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3 mins
Renal Nutcracker Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Compression of Left Renal Vein
Between Superior Mesenteric Artery and Aorta
Clinical Features
Hematuria
Abdominal Pain
Left-sided Varicocele
Diagnosis
Doppler Ultrasound
Management
Weight Gain
ACE Inhibitors
Stent Placement
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2 mins

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