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Lung Cancer

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Pathology | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

Lung Cancer
9 Picmonics to Learn | 20 mins
Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Characteristics
Most Common Lung Cancer
Most Common in Nonsmokers
Peripheral Location
KRAS, EGFR, and ALK Mutations
Diagnosis
Glandular Pattern
Often Stains with Mucin
Clinical Features
Presents with Hemoptysis
Clubbing
Treatment
Surgical Resection
Chemotherapy and Radiation
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2 mins
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Characteristics
Strong Correlation with Smoking
More Common in Men
Central Location
Cavitating Lesion Extending to Hilum
PTHrP Causes Hypercalcemia
Diagnosis
Keratin Pearls
Intercellular Bridges
Treatment
Surgical Resection (if Early Stage)
Chemotherapy and Radiation (if Later Stage)
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2 mins
Small Cell (Oat Cell) Carcinoma
Characteristics
Aggressively Malignant
Strong Correlation with Smoking
Central Location
Amplification of Myc Oncogenes
Signs and Symptoms
Narrowing of Bronchial Airways
Cushing's Syndrome
Ectopic ACTH
Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
Diagnosis
Kulchitsky Cells
Neuron-Specific Enolase Positive
Chromogranin A Positive
Treatment
Chemotherapy and Radiation
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3 mins
Large Cell Carcinoma
Characteristics
Strong Correlation with Smoking
Poor Prognosis
Peripheral Lesions
Symptoms
Gynecomastia
Galactorrhea
Diagnosis
Anaplastic Cells
Pleomorphic Giant Cells
May Produce Beta hCG
Diagnosis of Exclusion
Treatment
Surgical Resection
Less Responsive to Chemotherapy and Radiation
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2 mins
Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor
Characteristics
Excellent Prognosis
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms of Bronchial Obstruction
Often Asymptomatic
Carcinoid Syndrome
Diarrhea
Wheezing
Flushing
Diagnosis
5-HIAA in Urine
Nests of Neuroendocrine Cells
Chromogranin A Positive
Treatment
Surgical Resection
Octreotide for Symptomatic Relief
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2 mins
Mesothelioma
Characteristics
Malignant Pleural Tumor
Asbestos Exposure
Presentation
Dyspnea
Decreased Breath Sounds
Constitutional B Symptoms
Diagnosis 
Hemorrhagic Pleural Effusion
Pleural Thickening
Psammoma Bodies
Calretinin
Interventions
Surgery
Chemotherapy
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2 mins
Pancoast Tumor
Characteristics
Apical Lung Tumor
Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Clinical Features
Axillary or Shoulder Pain
Hoarseness
Horner Syndrome
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Sensorimotor Deficits
Hemidiaphragm Paralysis
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1 min
Horner Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Sympathetic Disruption
Hypothalamus
Ciliospinal Center
Superior Cervical Ganglion
Ocular Muscles
Clinical Triad
Ptosis
Anhidrosis
Miosis
Diagnosis
Diagnosis by Clinical Impression
MRI
Management
Treat Underlying Disorders
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3 mins
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Characteristics
Obstruction of Superior Vena Cava
Tumor
Thrombosis
Clinical Features
Upper Extremity and Facial Edema
Venous Engorgement over Upper Extremity, Face, and Chest
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Management
Treat Underlying Disorders
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2 mins

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