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Pathology | Medical (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
- Characteristics
- Most Common Lung Cancer
- Most Common in Nonsmokers
- Peripheral Location
- KRAS, EGFR, and ALK Mutations
- Diagnosis
- Glandular Pattern
- Often Stains with Mucin
- Clinical Features
- Presents with Hemoptysis
- Clubbing
- Treatment
- Surgical Resection
- Chemotherapy and Radiation
2 mins
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
- Characteristics
- Strong Correlation with Smoking
- More Common in Men
- Central Location
- Cavitating Lesion Extending to Hilum
- PTHrP causes Hypercalcemia
- Diagnosis
- Keratin Pearls
- Intercellular Bridges
- Treatment
- Surgical Resection (if Early Stage)
- Chemotherapy and Radiation (if Later Stage)
2 mins
Small Cell (Oat Cell) Carcinoma
- Characteristics
- Aggressively Malignant
- Strong Correlation with Smoking
- Central Location
- Amplification of myc Oncogenes
- Signs and Symptoms
- Narrowing of Bronchial Airways
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Ectopic ACTH
- Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
- Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
- Diagnosis
- Kulchitsky Cells
- Neuron-Specific Enolase Positive
- Chromogranin A Positive
- Treatment
- Chemotherapy and Radiation
3 mins
Large Cell Carcinoma
- Characteristics
- Strong Correlation with Smoking
- Poor Prognosis
- Peripheral Lesions
- Symptoms
- Gynecomastia
- Galactorrhea
- Diagnosis
- Anaplastic Cells
- Pleomorphic Giant Cells
- May Produce Beta hCG
- Diagnosis of Exclusion
- Treatment
- Surgical Resection
- Less Responsive to Chemotherapy and Radiation
2 mins
Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor
- Characteristics
- Excellent Prognosis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Symptoms of Bronchial Obstruction
- Often Asymptomatic
- Carcinoid Syndrome
- Diarrhea
- Wheezing
- Flushing
- Diagnosis
- 5-HIAA in Urine
- Nests of Neuroendocrine Cells
- Chromogranin A Positive
- Treatment
- Surgical Resection
- Octreotide for Symptomatic Relief
2 mins
Mesothelioma
- Characteristics
- Malignant Pleural Tumor
- Asbestos Exposure
- Presentation
- Dyspnea
- Decreased Breath Sounds
- Constitutional B Symptoms
- Diagnosis
- Hemorrhagic Pleural Effusion
- Pleural Thickening
- Psammoma Bodies
- Calretinin
- Interventions
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
2 mins
Pancoast Tumor
- Characteristics
- Apical Lung Tumor
- Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
- Clinical Features
- Axillary or Shoulder Pain
- Hoarseness
- Horner Syndrome
- Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
- Sensorimotor Deficits
- Hemidiaphragm Paralysis
1 min
Horner Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Sympathetic Disruption
- Hypothalamus
- Ciliospinal Center
- Superior Cervical Ganglion
- Ocular Muscles
- "The Horny Triad" of symptoms
- Ptosis
- Anhidrosis
- Miosis
- Diagnosis
- Diagnosis by Clinical Impression
- MRI
- Treatment
- Treat Underlying Disorders
4 mins
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
- Characteristics
- Obstruction of Superior Vena Cava
- Tumor
- Thrombosis
- Clinical Features
- Upper Extremity and Facial Edema
- Venous Engorgement over Upper Extremity, Face, and Chest
- Increased Intracranial Pressure
- Management
- Treat Underlying Disorders
2 mins
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