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CHA2DS2-VASc for Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation
CHF (+1)
Hypertension (+1)
Age 75 + (+2)
Diabetes (+1)
Stroke or TIA or Thromboembolism History (+2)
Vascular Disease (+1)
Age 65-75 Years (+1)
Sex Female (+1)
Interpretation
0 = No Anticoagulation
1 = Consider Anticoagulation
2 = Anticoagulation
3 mins
Torsades de Pointes
Characteristics
Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Prolonged QT Interval
QRS Twist Around Isoelectric Line
Causes
Congenital
Antibiotics
Antiarrhythmics
Antipsychotics
Antidepressants
Electrolyte Deficiencies
Complications
Ventricular Fibrillation
Treatment
Stable: Magnesium Sulfate
Unstable: Defibrillation
3 mins
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
WPW Pattern vs. WPW Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Ventricular Pre-excitation Syndrome
Accessory Conduction Pathway
Signs & Symptoms
Supraventricular Tachycardia
Atrial Fibrillation
Diagnosis
Shortened PR Interval
Delta Wave
Widened QRS
Treatment
No Treatment if Asymptomatic
Treat Arrhythmia
3 mins
Brugada Syndrome
Defective Myocardial Sodium Channels
Predominance in Asian Males
Autosomal Dominant
Pseudo-Right Bundle Branch Block Pattern
Persistent ST Elevations in Leads V1-V2
Risk of VTACH and Sudden Cardiac Death
Syncope
Management
ICD
Antiarrhythmics
3 mins
AV Heart Blocks
First Degree
First Degree: PR> 200 Milliseconds
No Treatment Needed
Second Degree
Mobitz I (Wenkebach): Progressive Lengthening of PR Intervals Leading to Dropped Beat
Exercise Improves, Vagal Maneuvers Worsen
Mobitz II: Dropped Beats With No Preceding PR Prolongation
Atropine
Electrical pacing
Third Degree
Third Degree (complete): P Waves and QRS Beat Independently
Treated With Pacing
Lyme Disease Can Cause 3rd Degree Block
6 mins
Congenital Long QT Syndrome
PATHOGENESIS
Inherited Disorder of Myocardial Repolarization
Potassium (K+) Channel Mutations
SYMPTOMS
Prolonged QT Interval
Torsades de Pointes
Increased Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)
TYPES OF SYNDROMES
Romano-Ward Syndrome
Autosomal Dominant
Pure Cardiac Phenotype (No Deafness)
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome
Autosomal Recessive
Sensorineural Deafness
4 mins
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