Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Mechanism
- Hyperinsulinemia Increases GnRH Pulse Frequency
- Large Increase in LH
- Small Decrease in FSH
- Increased Androgen Production From Theca-Lutein Cells
- Decreased Steroid Hormone-Binding-Globulin (SHBG) Causes Increased Free Testosterone
- Obese Patients Have Increased Estrogen
- Increased Risk of Endometrial Cancer
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Symptoms and Diagnosis
- Most Common Cause of Infertility in Women
- Amenorrhea
- Acne
- Hirsutism
- Obesity
- Enlarged, Cystic Ovaries
- LH:FSH Ratio of 3:1
- "String of Pearls" on Ultrasound
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Treatment
- Weight Loss
- Oral Contraceptives
- Clomiphene Citrate
- Anti-androgens
- Cyclic Progesterone for Endometrial Protection
- Metformin
Fibromas
- Non-germ cell tumor
- Meigs Syndrome
- Thecoma
- Pulling sensation in groin
- Spindle-shaped fibroblasts
Ovarian Cystadenoma
- Non-germ cell tumor
- Serous
- Unilocular
- Bilateral
- Mucinous
- Multilocular
- Benign
- Most Common
Ovarian Cystadenocarcinoma
- Non-germ Cell Tumor
- Mucinous
- Peritoneal Spread
- Serous
- Psammoma Bodies
- Bilateral
- Malignant
- Stromal Invasion
- CA 125
- BRCA-1 and Lynch Syndrome
Brenner Tumor
- Non-germ cell tumor
- Transitional epithelium
- Benign and unilateral
- Coffee bean nuclei
Dysgerminoma
- Germ-cell tumor
- Most Common Malignant Germ Cell Tumor
- Uniform Cells
- Fried Egg Cells
- hCG
- LDH
- Seminoma-like
- Turner Syndrome
Yolk Sac Tumor
- Germ-cell tumor
- AFP
- Aggressive Malignancy
- Yellow, Friable Solid
- Schiller-Duval Bodies
Teratoma
- Germ-cell Tumor
- Dermoid Cyst
- Immature Teratoma
- Struma Ovarii
Choriocarcinoma
- Germ-cell tumor
- Trophoblastic tissue
- Hematogenous spread to lungs
- Malignant
- Theca-lutein cysts
- Hydatidiform Mole
- hCG
Granulosa Cell Tumor
- Granulosa Cells
- Non-germ cell tumor
- Endometrial Carcinoma
- Call-Exner bodies
- Estrogen producing
- Precocious Puberty
Krukenberg Tumor
- Non-germ Cell Tumor
- Lymphatic Spread to Ovaries
- Metastasis
- GI Malignancy
- Mucin-secreting Signet Cell