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Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders

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Biochemistry | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders
7 Picmonics to Learn | 15 mins
Alkaptonuria
Autosomal Recessive
Deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase
In degradative pathway of tyrosine to fumarate
Homogentisic acid harmful to cartilage
Arthritis
Dark Connective Tissue
Urine turns black on standing
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1 min
Hartnup Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Neutral amino acids
Defective Transporter
Renal and Intestinal cells
Signs and Symptoms
Causes tryptophan excretion in urine
Leads to Pellagra
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
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2 mins
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Pathophysiology
Decreased Phenylalanine Hydroxylase
Decreased Tetrahydrobiopterin Cofactor
Autosomal Recessive
Tyrosine Becomes Essential
Phenylalanine Found in Nutrasweet
Symptoms
Musty or Mousy Body Odor
Growth Retardation
Seizures
Intellectual Disability
Hypopigmentation
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2 mins
Maternal Phenylketonuria
Pathophysiology
Lack of Proper Diet During Pregnancy; Like NutraSweet
Signs and Symptoms
Congenital Heart Defects
Growth Retardation
Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)
Microcephaly
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2 mins
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Pathophysiology
Defect in alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase
Blocked degradation of branched chain amino acids
Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine
Signs and Symptoms
Seizures
Intellectual Disability
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1 min
Cystinuria
Pathophysiology
Defect of Renal Tubular Amino Acid Transporter
C-O-L-A Acronym
Cystine
Ornithine
Lysine
Arginine
Signs and Symptoms
Excess Cystine in Urine
Hexagonal Crystals
Staghorn Kidney Stones
Diagnosis
Cyanide Nitroprusside Test
Treatment
Acetazolamide to Alkalinize the Urine
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3 mins
Homocystinuria
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
4 Forms
Cystathionine Synthase Deficiency
Decreased Affinity of Cystathionine Synthase For Vitamin B6
Methionine Synthase Deficiency
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Deficiency
Signs and Symptoms
Marfanoid Body Habitus
Kyphosis
Lens Subluxation (Inferior)
Intellectual Disability
Atherosclerosis
Consideration
Dietary Deficiencies Can Elevate Homocysteine Levels
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3 mins

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