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Medicine (MD/DO)
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USMLE Step 1
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Pathology
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Postpartum Disorders

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Pathology | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

Postpartum Disorders
14 Picmonics to Learn | 30 mins
Postpartum Infection
Diagnosis
Fever > 100.4F After 24 Hours (38 C)
Risk Factors
Multiple Vaginal Examinations
Vaginal Trauma
Prolonged Rupture of Membranes
Cesarean Birth
Anemia of Pregnancy
Retained Placental Fragments
Poor Health Status
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3 mins
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Mechanism
Uterine Atony
Lacerations
Retained Placenta
Signs and Symptoms
Bleeding
Hypotension
Boggy Uterus
Considerations
Oxytocin
Bimanual Compression of Uterus
Surgery
Blood Transfusion
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2 mins
Uterine Atony
Pathophysiology
Most Common Cause of Postpartum Hemorrhage
Uterine Overdistention
Exhausted Myometrium
Uterine Infection
Presentation
"Boggy" Uterus
Treatment
Resuscitation with IV Fluids and Transfusions
Bimanual Uterine Massage
Oxytocin
Methergine
Prostaglandins
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2 mins
Sheehan's Syndrome
Postpartum Pituitary Gland Necrosis
Agalactorrhea
Amenorrhea
Secondary Hypothyroidism with Cold Intolerance
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1 min
Newborn Assessment
APGAR
Umbilical Cord
2 Arteries 1 Vein
Eye Prophylaxis
Fontanels
Vitamin K Injection (Phytonadione)
Gestational Age Assessment (GAA)
Measurements
Birth Weight
Head Circumference
Length
Considerations
Keep Warm
ID Bands
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3 mins
APGAR Score
1 and 5 Minutes
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity and Muscle Tone
Respiration
Total Scores
Gentle Stimulation
Oxygen
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2 mins
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Cause/Mechanism
Fetal Lung Immaturity
Lack of Surfactant
Assessment
Respiratory Distress
Nasal Flaring
Retractions
Grunting
Interventions
Surfactant
Oxygen
Mechanical Ventilation
Considerations
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
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2 mins
Hyperbilirubinemia
Cause/Mechanism
Increased Unconjugated Bilirubin
Assessment
Jaundice
Kernicterus
Interventions
Early Feedings
Heme Oxygenase Inhibitors
Phototherapy
Protect Eyes
Monitor for Dehydration
Considerations
Monitor Bilirubin Levels
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3 mins
Imperforate Anus
Mechanism
Congenital Anorectal Malformation
Signs and Symptoms
No Anal Opening
Absence of Meconium
Gradual Increase in Abdominal Distention
Considerations
Surgical Repair
Bowel Management
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2 mins
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Cause
Abnormal Femoral Head in Acetabulum
Newborn Assessment
Positive Barlow Sign
Clicking with Adduction
Positive Ortolani Sign
Clicking with Abduction
Asymmetrical Limb Lengths and Folds (Gluteal and Thigh)
Older Child Assessment
Trendelenburg Sign
Interventions
Abduction Device
Pavlik Harness
Closed Reduction
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3 mins
Postpartum Blues
Symptoms
Depressed Affect
Tearfulness
Fatigue
Resolves in 2 Weeks
Treatment
Supportive Care
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2 mins
Postpartum Psychosis
Risk Factors
First Pregnancy
Family History
Bipolar Disorder
Medication Changes
Clinical Symptoms
Hallucination
Delusion
Treatment
Atypical Antipsychotics
Electroconvulsive Therapy
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2 mins
Major Depressive Disorder with Peripartum Onset
Diagnostic Criteria
Sleep Problems
Interest Deficit
Guilt or Worthlessness
Energy Loss or Fatigue
Concentration Difficulty
Appetite Changes
Psychomotor Retardation or Agitation
Suicidal Ideation
5 Symptoms Including Depressed Mood or Anhedonia for 2 Weeks
Onset No Later Than 1 Year After Delivery
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2 mins
Endometritis
Postpartum
Postpartum Endometritis
Cesarean Birth
Fever
Uterine Tenderness
Acute
Acute Endometritis
Neutrophils
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Chronic
Chronic Endometritis
Plasma Cells
Idiopathic
Treatment
Gentamicin + Clindamycin
Ampicillin-Sulbactam
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3 mins

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