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Medicine (MD/DO)
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USMLE Step 1
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Pathology
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Urolithiasis

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Pathology | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

Urolithiasis
5 Picmonics to Learn | 11 mins
Renal Calculi Assessment
Cause/Mechanism
Hypercalcemia (Most Commonly)
Signs and Symptoms
Flank Pain
Radiates Toward Bladder
Renal Colic
Urinary Tract Infection
Urinary Retention
Hematuria
Considerations
Stone Recurrence
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2 mins
Renal Calculi Interventions
Interventions
Increase Fluid Intake
Opioids
NSAIDs
Antibiotics
Lithotripsy
Surgical Stone Removal
Considerations
Identify Type CT-KUB
Low Sodium Diet
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2 mins
Nephrolithiasis Stone Types (Part 2/2)
Struvite
Struvite (Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate)
Urinary Tract Infections
"Coffin Lid" Appearance
Radiopaque
Increased Urine pH
Calcium Phosphate
Calcium Phosphate
Hypercalcemia
Wedge-shaped Prisms
Radiopaque
Increased Urine pH
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2 mins
Nephrolithiasis Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis
Urinalysis with Culture
Noncontrast CT
Ultrasound
Management
< 10 mm
Supportive Care
10-20 mm
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
Ureteroscopy
> 20 mm
Surgery
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2 mins
Nephrolithiasis Stone Types (Part 1/2)
Calcium Oxalate
Calcium Oxalate
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Ethylene Glycol
Vitamin C
"Dumbbell", Bipyramidal, or Octahedral-shaped
Radiopaque
Uric Acid
Uric Acid
Gout
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Rhomboidal, Rosette, or Needle-shaped
Radiolucent
Decreased Urine pH
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2 mins

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