Nephrotic Syndrome
- Massive Proteinuria > 3.5g per Day
- Edema
- Increased risk of infection
- Thromboembolism
- Hyperlipidemia
- Fatty casts
Membranous Glomerulonephritis
- Nephrotic
- LM Thickening of Capillary and Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM)
- EM Spike and Dome Appearance with Subepithelial Deposits
- IF Granular
- Phospholipase A2 Receptor Autoantibodies
- NSAIDS
- Gold
- Solid Tumors
- Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
- Lupus
Minimal Change Disease
- Nephrotic
- Most Common in Children
- May be Triggered by Recent Infection or Immune Stimulus
- On Electron Microscopy (EM) See Foot Process (Podocyte) Effacement
- On Light Microscopy (LM) See Normal Glomeruli
- Loss of Negative Charge
- Selective Loss of Albumin
- Responds to Corticosteroids
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
- Most Common Cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in Hispanics and African Americans
- Associated with Sickle Cell Disease and HIV
- Associated Interferon Therapy and Heroin Abuse
- LM Segmental Sclerosis and Hyalinosis
- EM Focal Damage of Visceral Epithelial Cells
- IF Negative
- Microscopic Hematuria
- Nonselective Proteinuria
- Poor Prognosis
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
- Nephritic-Nephrotic Syndrome
- Type I
- Subendothelial Immune Complexes
- Hepatitis C Virus
- Granular IF
- Tram Tracks Caused by Splitting of the GBM
- Ingrowth of Mesangium
- Type II
- Dense Deposit Disease
- C3 Nephritic Factor
Diabetic Glomerulonephropathy
- Nonenzymatic Glycosylation of Glomerular Basement Membrane
- Nonenzymatic Glycosylation of Arterioles
- Hyperfiltration
- Increased GFR
- Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis
- Mesangial Expansion
- Type IV Collagen Deposition
- Kimmelstiel Wilson Lesions
- Nephrotic
Amyloidosis
- Primary
- Multiple Myeloma
- Secondary
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Congo Red Stain
- Apple Green Birefringence
- Nephrotic Syndrome
Hydronephrosis
- Dilated Renal Pelvis and Calyces
- Nephrolithiasis
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Cancer
- Vesicoureteral Reflux
- Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
- Flank Pain
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Postrenal AKI