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Medicine (MD/DO)
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USMLE Step 1
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Musculoskeletal (Orthopedics)
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Bone Cancer

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Musculoskeletal (Orthopedics) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

Bone Cancer
8 Picmonics to Learn | 19 mins
Osteosarcoma
Pathophysiology
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Peak incidence men 10-20 years old
Metaphysis of Long Bones
Knee Region
Radiation
Familial Retinoblastoma
Paget's Disease
Diagnosis
Codman Triangle
Sunburst Pattern from Elevated Periosteum
Grave Prognosis
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2 mins
Chondrosarcoma
Pathophysiology
Cartilaginous tumor
Malignant
Men 30-60 years old
Pelvic and femur bones
Signs & Symptoms
Glistening mass in medullary cavity
Can be primary in origin or from osteochondroma
Metastasize to lungs
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1 min
Ewing's Sarcoma
Epidemiology
Most Common in Boys < 15 years old
Pathophysiology
11;22 Translocation
Characteristics
Long bones, Pelvis, Ribs
Diaphysis
Small Blue Cells
Malignant
Aggressive
Onion-skin Appearance
TREATMENT
Responsive to Chemotherapy
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2 mins
Giant Cell Tumor
Pathophysiology
Osteoclastoma
Epiphyseal End of Long Bones
Peak Incidence 20-40 Years
Benign
Knee Region
Diagnosis
Soap Bubble Appearance on X-ray
Spindle-shaped Cells
Multinucleated Giant Cells
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46 secs
Osteochondroma
Characteristics
Most Common Benign Bone Tumor
Males Under 25
Cartilage-capped Spurs
Metaphysis of Long Bones
Small Risk of Chondrosarcoma
Clinical Features
Painless Mass near Joint
Painful if Growing or Malignant
Workup
X-Ray
MRI if Concern for Malignancy or Functional Limitation
Management
Monitoring
Surgery
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3 mins
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Characteristics
Antigen Presentation Defect
Lytic Bone Lesions
Skull
Presentation
Hypopituitarism
Diabetes Insipidus
Skin Rash
Recurrent Otitis Media
Diagnosis
Birbeck Granules
"Tennis Racket" Appearance
S100 Positive
Management
Observation
Prednisone +/- Vinblastine
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4 mins
Osteoid Osteoma and Osteoblastoma
Characteristics
Benign Bone Tumors
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteoid Osteoma
Cortex of Long Bones
Pain Relieved by NSAIDs
Pain Worse at Night
<2 cm
Radiolucent Nidus with Surrounding Sclerosis
Osteoblastoma
Osteoblastoma
Spine
Pain Not Relieved by NSAIDs
> 2 cm
Radiolucent Nidus without Surrounding Sclerosis
Management
Surgery
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3 mins
Osteoma
Benign
Cortex
Compact and Wavy (Trabecular) Bone
Skull and Paranasal Sinuses
Symptoms are Variable
ASSOCIATIONS
Gardner Syndrome
Tuberous Sclerosis
CHARACTERISTICS
Lesions with Density Identical to the Cortex
TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
Observation
No Malignant Transformation
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3 mins

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