Wayne Shared "T4 Exam 3 RHS" - 365 Picmonics
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T4 Exam 3 RHS
Respiratory Anatomy
- Characteristics
- Nasal Cavity
- Hair Filters
- Mucus Filters and Moistens
- Capillaries Warm
- Pharynx (Throat)
- Larynx (Voice Box)
- Cilia Expel Mucus and Dust
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Alveoli
2 mins
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Assessment
- Cause
- Damaged Alveolar-Capillary Membrane
- Assessment
- Restlessness
- Dyspnea
- Refractory Hypoxemia
- Decreased PaO2
- Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltrates
- Atelectasis
- Pulmonary Hypertension
2 mins
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Interventions
- Interventions
- Closely Monitor Patient
- ABG's (Arterial Blood Gases)
- Oxygen
- Assess for O2 Toxicity
- Mechanical Ventilation
- PEEP
- Assess for Pneumothorax
- Permissive Hypercapnia
- Considerations
- High Mortality Rate
2 mins
Restrictive vs. Obstructive Lung Diseases
- Restrictive Lung Disease
- Decreased Lung Volume
- FEV1/FVC Ratio Normal to Increased
- Obstructive Lung Disease
- Increased Lung Volume
- Decreased FEV1/FVC Ratio
2 mins
Obstructive Lung Disease
- Blocked Airflow
- Increased residual volume
- V/Q Mismatch
- Decreased forced vital capacity (FVC)
- Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio
- Asthma
- Bronchiectasis
- Chronic bronchitis
- Emphysema
51 secs
Restrictive Lung Diseases
- Poor Breathing Mechanics
- Interstitial Lung Diseases
- Goodpasture's Syndrome
- Eosinophilic Granuloma
- Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
- Sarcoidosis
- Pneumoconiosis
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Drug Toxicity
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
- Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
2 mins
COPD Overview (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overview)
- Causes
- Inhaled Toxins
- Smoking
- AAT Deficiency
- Assessment
- Emphysema
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Asthma
- Considerations
- Spirometry
- Slow Progression
2 mins
Alveolar Gas Equation
- Equation
- Partial Pressure of Alveolar Oxygen (PAO2)
- Partial Pressure of Oxygen in the Inspired Air (PIO2)
- PIO2 Normally Approximated = 150 mmHg
- Arterial Partial Pressure of CO2 (PaCO2)
- Respiratory Quotient (R)
- R Normally Approximated = 0.8
- PAO2 = PIO2 - (PaCO2/R)
1 min
Arterial Blood Gas
- An arterial blood gases (ABG) test measures the acidity (pH) and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from an artery. This test is used to find out how well your lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from t
- Alveolar air contains much more water vapor (6.2 percent) and carbon dioxide (5.3 percent), resulting in a dilution of nitrogen to 74.9 percent and oxygen to 13.6 percent. Oxygen diffuses continuously from the alveolar air through the alveolo-capillary me
- Venous blood is deoxygenated blood that flows from tiny capillary blood vessels within the tissues into progressively larger veins to the right side of the heart.
- The lung veins sometimes referred to as the pulmonary veins, are blood vessels that transfer freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atria of the heart.
- The pulmonary arteries carry blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. In medical terms, the word “pulmonary” means something that affects the lungs
- Arterial blood is the oxygenated blood in the circulatory system found in the pulmonary vein, the left chambers of the heart, and in the arteries.
2 mins
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Cause/Mechanism
- Fetal Lung Immaturity
- Lack of Surfactant
- Assessment
- Respiratory Distress
- Nasal Flaring
- Retractions
- Grunting
- Interventions
- Surfactant
- Oxygen
- Mechanical Ventilation
- Considerations
- Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
2 mins
Common Causes of Pneumonia: Neonates (< 4 Weeks Old)
- Group B Streptococci
- E. coli
44 secs
Pulmonary Embolism Causes
- Causes
- FAT BAT Mnemonic
- Fat
- Air
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
- Bacteria
- Amniotic Fluid
- Tumor
- Risk Factors
- Hypercoagulable
- Central Venous Lines
- Immobilized
1 min
Pulmonary Embolism Presentation and Diagnosis
- Presentation
- Sudden onset Shortness of Breath (S.O.B.)
- Tachypnea
- Pleuritic Chest Pain
- Hemoptysis
- Hypoxemia
- Sudden Death
- Diagnosis
- Gold Standard: CT Pulmonary Angiography
- X-Ray
- D-Dimer
- V/Q Scan
1 min
Pulmonary Hypertension Diagnosis and Management
- Diagnosis
- Echocardiogram
- Right Heart Cathetherization
- > 20 mmHg at Rest
- Chest X-Ray
- MANAGEMENT
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- Calcium Channel Blockers
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
- Prostacyclin Analogs
- PDE-5 inhibitors
2 mins
Wells' Criteria for Pulmonary Embolism
- Scoring
- Clinical Symptoms of DVT (+3)
- Pulmonary Embolism Most Likely Diagnosis (+3)
- Tachycardia (+1.5)
- Immobilization > 3 Days (+1.5)
- Previous DVT or PE (+1.5)
- Hemoptysis (+1)
- Malignancy (+1)
- Probability
- > 6 = High
- 2-6 = Moderate
- < 2 = Low
3 mins
Reading a Chest X-Ray
- ABCDE Approach
- Airway and Appliances
- Bones
- Cardiac
- Diaphragm
- Everything Else
- Masses
- Pulmonary Vasculature
- Lung Parenchyma
2 mins
Alveolar Gas Exchange
- Characteristics
- Pulmonary Artery Blood is O2-Poor, CO2-Rich
- Two-Cell Thick Air-Blood Barrier
- CO2 Diffuses Into Air
- O2 Diffuses Into Blood
- Gases Equilibrate
- Pulmonary Vein is O2-Rich, CO2-Poor
- Thermoregulation
2 mins
Physiologic Dead Space (VD)
- Tidal Volume (Vt)
- Partial Pressure of Arterial CO2 (PaCO2)
- Partial Pressure of CO2 in Expired Air (PECO2)
- VD = VT x (PaCO2-PECO2) / PaCO2
2 mins
A-a Gradient
- Partial pressure of alveolar oxygen (PAO2)
- Partial Pressure of Arterial O2 (PaO2)
- Normal 10 to 15 mmHg
- Hypoxemia with an Abnormal A-a Gradient
- Diffusion problem
- Shunting (Low V/Q)
- Dead space (high V/Q)
1 min
Pneumothorax
- Mechanism
- Air Enters Pleural Space
- Assessment
- Sudden Dyspnea
- Absent or Restricted Movement on Affected Side
- Decreased or Absent Breath Sounds on Affected Side
- Chest Pain
- Tracheal Deviation
- Vital Sign Changes
- Crepitus
- Considerations
- High Fowler's Position With Oxygen
- Prepare For Chest Tube Placement
- Educate High Risk Patients
2 mins
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