Teresa Shared "GI - Jim II" - 31 Picmonics
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GI - Jim II
Achalasia
- Pathophysiology
- Failure to Relax Lower Esophageal Sphincter
- Malignancies
- Chagas Disease
- Loss of Auerbach Plexus
- Symptoms
- Dysphagia to Solids & Liquids
- Diagnosis
- Barium Swallow
- Bird's Beak Appearance
- Manometry
- Risk Factors
- Increased Risk Squamous Cell Carcinoma
2 mins
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Assessment
- Pathophysiology
- Relaxed Lower Esophageal Sphincter
- Signs and Symptoms
- Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
- Belching
- Nighttime Coughing
- Dysphagia
- Epigastric Pain
- Regurgitation
- Heartburn (Pyrosis)
- Globus
2 mins
Barrett's Esophagus
- Histological findings
- Metaplasia in Lower Esophagus
- Columnar Epithelium
- Associated Pathologies
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Esophagitis
- Esophageal Ulcers
- Increased Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
1 min
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- "-prazole" Suffix
- Indications
- Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
- Gastritis
- Peptic Ulcer
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Mechanism
- Inhibit H+/K+/ATPase
- Side Effects
- Hip fracture
- Pneumonia
2 mins
H2 Receptor Blocker
- "-tidine" Suffix
- Indications
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Peptic Ulcer
- Mechanism
- Block Histamine H2 Receptors
- Parietal Cells
52 secs
Cystic Fibrosis Mechanisms
- Autosomal Recessive
- CFTR Chromosome 7
- Cl- channel Defect
- Decreased Chloride Secretion
- Increased Na and Water Reabsorption
- Increased Na and Cl in Sweat
- Dehydration of Mucous Layers
2 mins
Fructose Intolerance
- Pathophysiology
- Deficiency of Aldolase B
- Fructose 1-P To DHAP And GA
- Accumulation Of Fructose-1-Phosphate
- Inhibition Of Glycogenolysis
- Inhibition Of Gluconeogenesis
- Clinical Features
- Hypoglycemia
- Vomiting
- Jaundice
- Cirrhosis
- Autosomal Recessive
2 mins
Essential Fructosuria
- Autosomal Recessive
- Defect in fructokinase
- Fructose to fructose 1-P
- Benign
- Fructose appears in blood and urine
- Fructose does not enter cells
54 secs
Fructose Metabolism
- Liver Fructose Metabolism
- Fructose
- Fructokinase
- Fructose-1-Phosphate
- Aldolase B
- DHAP
- Glyceraldehyde
- Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate
2 mins
Oral Cavity
- Characteristics
- Mouth
- Mechanical Digestion
- Salivary Amylase Begins Carbohydrate Breakdown
- Lingual Lipase Begins Lipid Breakdown
- Esophagus
- Bolus
- Peristalsis
1 min
Acute Pancreatitis Assessment
- Mechanism
- Heavy Alcohol Use and Gallstones
- Signs and Symptoms
- Abdominal Pain
- Nausea/Vomiting/Anorexia
- Abdominal Rigidity/Guarding
- Decreased or Absent Bowel Sounds
- Hypotension and Tachycardia
- Jaundice
- Increased White Blood Cells
2 mins
Galactose Metabolism
- Galactose Breakdown
- Lactase
- Converts Lactose to Galactose
- Galactokinase
- Converts Galactose to Galactose-1-Phosphate
- Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase (GALT)
- Converts Galactose-1-Phosphate to Glucose-1-Phosphate + UDP-Galactose
- Glucose-1-Phosphate Enters Glycolysis
- Galactose Synthesis
- Produced from Glycerol in Lactating Breast Tissue
3 mins
Lactose Intolerance
- Pathophysiology
- Lactase Deficiency
- Decreased Lactose Absorption
- Increased Osmotic Load
- Presentation
- Abdominal Pain
- Flatulence
- Diarrhea
- Diagnosis
- Positive Hydrogen Breath Test
- Decreased Stool pH
- Management
- Avoid Dairy
- Lactase Supplementation
2 mins
Small Intestine Digestion
- Brush border enzymes
- Pancreatic Enzymes are secreted via a Duct
- Pancreas secretes bicarbonate
- Brush Border activates Pancreatic Trypsin
- Trypsin activates Chymotrypsin
- Trypsin and Chymotrypsin digest Proteins
- Gallbladder Releases Bile
- Pancreatic Lipase breaks down Lipids
- Goblet cells secrete mucus
- Pancreatic Amylase breaks down Carbohydrates
- Pancreatic Nucleases breakdown DNA/RNA
- Digestion occurs in the Duodenum
2 mins
Stomach Digestion
- Characteristics
- Chief Cells Secrete Pepsinogen
- Pepsinogen Turned to Pepsin By H+
- Protein Breakdown Begins
- Mucous Cells Secrete Mucus and Bicarbonate
- G Cells Secrete Gastrin
- Gastrin Stimulates Parietal Cell HCl Release
- Parietal Cells Secrete Intrinsic Factor
2 mins
Kwashiorkor
- Protein Deficiency
- Swollen Belly
- MEALS
- Malnutrition
- Edema
- Anemia
- Liver Malfunction
- Skin Lesions
2 mins
Marasmus
- Deficiency of all Nutrients
- Body Weight < 60% of Normal
- Tissue and Muscle Wasting
- Loss of Subcutaneous Fat (Buttocks and Thighs)
- Variable Edema
2 mins
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
- Derived from Tryptophan
- Synthesis Requires Vitamin B6
- Constituent of NAD+
- Deficiency Causes
- Hartnup Disease
- Carcinoid Syndrome
- Deficiency Symptoms
- Pellagra
- Diarrhea
- Dermatitis
- Dementia
- Glossitis
- Excess Symptoms
- Flushing
2 mins
Sjögren’s Syndrome
- Mechanism
- Autoimmune Exocrine Gland Destruction
- Symptoms (Classic Triad)
- Xerostomia
- Xerophthalmia
- Arthritis
- Diagnosis
- Anti SS-B (La)
- Anti SS-A (Ro)
- Schirmer's Test
- Salivary Gland Biopsy
- Treatment
- Symptomatic Treatment
- Complications
- Lymphoma
- Other
- Sicca Syndrome
4 mins
Diseases of Oral Cavity and Salivary glands
- Oral inflammatory lesions
- Apthous ulcers
- age 0-20
- Unknown Etiology
- Resolve spontaneously
- Herpes simplex virus
- HSV-1
- age 2-4
- Gingivostomatitis
- Oral candidiasis
- Candida Albicans
- Pseudomembranous
- Fibrous proliferative lesions
- Fibroma
- Pyogenic granuloma
- rapid growth
- Proliferation of immature vessels
- Surgical excision
- Leukoplakia
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Erythroplakia
- Malignant Transformation
- Age 40-70
- tobacco
- male
- hyperkaratosis
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- "Field cancerization"
- HPV-16
- Exposure to carcinogens
- Pearly plaques
- Verrucous mucosal thickenings
- Xerostoma
- age 70+
- Sialadenitis
- Mumps
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus viridans
- Mucocele
- mucin and macrophages
- Sjogren syndrome
- Dry eyes
- Dry Mouth
- B-cell lymphomas
- women aged 50-60
- Pleomorphic adenomas
- Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
- Warthin tumor
- Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
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