Paolo Shared "Module 7 Midterm" - 26 Picmonics
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Module 7 Midterm
Thymic Aplasia (DiGeorge Syndrome)
- Pathophysiology
- DiGeorge Syndrome
- 22q11 Deletion
- Failure to Develop Third and Fourth Pharyngeal Pouches
- Signs and Symptoms
- Undeveloped Thymus
- T Cell Deficiency
- Recurrent Viral and Fungal Infections
- Undeveloped Parathyroids
- Hypocalcemia
- Tetany
- Aortic Defects
- Congenital Heart Defects
- Diagnosis
- Absent Thymic Shadow on CXR
2 mins
Wiskott Aldrich
- Pathophysiology
- X-linked Recessive
- WASp Protein Mutation
- Antigen Presentation Defect
- Progressive Deletion of B and T Cells
- Signs and Symptoms
- Thrombocytopenia
- Eczema
- Infections
- Decreased IgM
- Increased IgE, IgA
2 mins
Rheumatoid Arthritis Assessment
- Mechanism
- Destruction of Connective Tissue and Synovial Membrane
- Signs and Symptoms
- Inflammation of Joints
- Morning Stiffness
- Nodules
- Joint Deformities
1 min
Rheumatoid Arthritis Interventions
- Lifestyle Modifications
- Heat and Cold Applications
- Therapeutic Exercise
- Balance Rest and Activity
- Drug Therapy
- NSAIDs
- DMARDs
- Glucocorticoids
- Considerations
- PT/OT
- Reconstructive Joint Surgery
2 mins
Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia
- Pathophysiology
- X-linked Recessive
- Defective Bruton Tyrosine Kinase
- Blocks B Cell Maturation
- Signs & Symptoms
- Decreased Immunoglobulins of All Classes
- Bacterial Infections After Six Months
- Maternal IgG Protects Before Six Months
2 mins
Hyper IgM Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Deficient CD40 Ligand on Helper T-cells
- Defective CD40 Receptor on B-cells
- Inability to Class Switch
- Signs and Symptoms
- Pyogenic Abscess
- Decreased IgG, IgA, IgE
4 mins
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
- Both B and T Cell Deficiency
- Recurrent Viral, Bacterial, Fungal, Protozoal Infections
- Defective Interleukin (IL) 2 Receptor
- X-Linked
- Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
- Failure to Synthesize MHC II Antigens
- Treat with Bone Marrow Transplant
2 mins
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Most Commonly X-linked Recessive
- Defective NADPH Oxidase (Enzyme Complex)
- Decreased Hydrogen Peroxide
- Impaired Intracellular Killing in Phagocytes
- Signs and Symptoms
- Recurrent Purulent Skin and Lung Infections
- Catalase Positive Organisms
- Diagnosis
- Negative Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test
- DHR (Dihydrorhodamine) Flow Cytometry
- Treatment
- Antimicrobial Prophylaxis
- TMP-SMX
- Itraconazole
- Interferon-Gamma
3 mins
Amyloidosis
- Etiologies
- Primary
- Multiple Myeloma
- Secondary
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Pathology
- Congo Red Stain
- Apple Green Birefringence
- Complications
- Nephrotic Syndrome
2 mins
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) Characteristics
- Pathophysiology
- Small Vessel Vasculitis
- Necrotizing
- Lungs and Upper Airway
- Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
- DIAGNOSTICS
- c-ANCA
- X-ray
- Multiple Nodules in Lungs
- Treatment
- Cyclophosphamide
- Corticosteroids
- Rituximab
3 mins
Sarcoidosis Symptoms
- Black Females
- Symptoms
- Asymptomatic
- Uveitis
- Interstitial Fibrosis
- Erythema Nodosum
- Hepatomegaly
- Myocardial Sarcoidosis
- Lupus Pernio
1 min
Sarcoidosis Characteristics and Labs
- Mechanism
- Unknown Mechanism
- Immune-mediated
- Noncaseating granulomas
- Vitamin D activation
- Labs
- Hypercalcemia
- Elevated ACE
- Asteroid bodies
- X-Ray shows Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
1 min
HIV CD4+ 500
- Signs and Symptoms
- Candida albicans (Oral Thrush)
- Kaposi's Sarcoma (HHV-8)
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Epstein-Barr Virus (Oral Hairy Leukoplakia)
3 mins
HIV CD4+ 200
- Signs and Symptoms
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- JC Virus
- Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
- Pneumocystis Pneumonia
- (HIV) Dementia
- Histoplasmosis
3 mins
HIV CD4+ 100
- Signs and Symptoms
- Aspergillus fumigatus
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Candida albicans (Esophagitis)
- Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) B-cell lymphoma
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Cryptosporidium
- Bartonella henselae
5 mins
Cystic Fibrosis Mechanisms
- Autosomal Recessive
- CFTR Chromosome 7
- Cl- channel Defect
- Decreased Chloride Secretion
- Increased Na and Water Reabsorption
- Increased Na and Cl in Sweat
- Dehydration of Mucous Layers
2 mins
Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis
- Sweat Chloride Test > 60 mmol/L
- Meconium Ileus
- Treatment
- N-acetylcysteine
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis
- Pulmonary Maintenance
- Lung Transplant
- Vitamin Replacement
1 min
Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms and Complications
- Recurrent Pulmonary Infections
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Nasal Polyps
- Pancreatic Insufficiency
- Intestinal Obstruction
- Malabsorption and Diarrhea
- Vitamin Deficiencies
- Chronic Hepatic Disease
- Infertility in Males
1 min
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Integrin CD18 Protein
- Defect in LFA-1
- Attached to ICAM
- Signs and Symptoms
- Neutrophilia
- Bacterial Infections
- Non-Pyogenic
- Delayed Separation of Umbilical Cord
2 mins
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
- Pathophysiology
- Defective PIG-A Gene
- Deficiency of DAF (Decay Accelerating Factor CD55)
- Symptoms
- Dark Urine in the Morning
- Intravascular Hemolysis
- Thrombosis
- Diagnosis
- Decreased CD55 and CD59
- Treatment
- RBC Transfusion
- Eculizumab
- Bone Marrow Transplant is Curative
3 mins
