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Exam 2 Med Surg
Infectious Mononucleosis
Mechanism
Herpes-like Viral Infection
Signs and Symptoms
Fatigue
Fever
Sore Throat
Head and Body Aches
Hepatomegaly and Splenomegaly
Swollen Lymph Nodes in Neck and Armpits
Rash
Considerations
Suppressed Immune Response
Positive Monospot
2 mins
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Mechanism
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
Signs and Symptoms
Red Maculopapular Rash
Vesicles Ooze and Crust
Pruritus
Centripetal
Considerations
Varicella Immunization
Skin Care to Minimize Itching
Isolate until Vesicles Crust
2 mins
Rubeola (Measles)
Mechanism
Virus
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Red Maculopapular Rash
3 C's
Photophobia
Koplik Spots
Considerations
MMR Vaccination
Antipyretics
Vitamin A Supplementation
2 mins
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) TORCH
Signs and Symptoms
Nonspecific TORCH symptoms
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (Retardation)
Deafness
Microcephaly
Seizures
Periventricular Calcifications
Petechial Rash
Blueberry Muffin Rash
Chorioretinitis
Diagnosis
Urine Viral Culture or PCR
2 mins
Ebola Virus
RNA Virus
Filovirus
Marburg Virus
Linear
Helical
Enveloped
Negative Sense
Bat Reservoir
1 min
Vancomycin
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis
Indications
Serious Gram-Positive Infections
Side Effects
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Red Man Syndrome
Thrombophlebitis
Nursing Considerations
Culture Samples First
Infuse IV Over 60 Minutes
Take Around the Clock
2 mins
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
Mechanism
Aminopenicillin
Broad Spectrum Penicillin
Indications
Gram-Positive and Some Gram-Negative Infections
Side Effects
Rash
Diarrhea
Considerations
No Effect Against Staph Aureus
Often combined with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
Allergic Reaction
2 mins
Imipenem and Meropenem (Carbapenems)
Mechanism
Carbapenems
Broad-spectrum Antibiotic
Bactericidal
Indications
Gram Positive and Gram Negative Infections
Side Effects
GI Distress
Suprainfections
Seizures
Considerations
Penicillin Allergy
IV or IM Route
Imipenem Combined with Cilastatin
3 mins
Contact Precautions
Private Room
Wash In / Wash Out
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gloves
Gown
Limit Time Patient Leaves Room
Leave Equipment In Room
Special Linen Handling
Same Pathogen, Same Room
History of Contact Isolation
Preventative Education
2 mins
Standard Precautions
Hand Hygiene
Wash In / Wash Out
Alcohol-Based Hand Rub
Hand Washing
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gown
Face Mask
Goggles/Face Shield
Gloves
Donning and Removing PPE
Discard Sharps in Puncture-Resistant Container
Cough Etiquette
2 mins
Droplet-Airborne Precautions
Private Room
Droplet
Droplets Larger than 5 Microns
Being Within 3 Feet of Patient
Surgical Mask with Face Shield
Type of Infection or Condition
Airborne
Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR)
Droplets Smaller than 5 Microns
N95 Respirator
Type of Infection or Condition
2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Stages
Primary Infection
Within 3 Weeks
Flu-like Symptoms
Asymptomatic Stage
Years
Symptomatic Stage
CD4+ < 500
AIDS
Opportunistic Infections
CD4+ < 200
2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Assessment
Assessment
RNA Retrovirus
CD4+ Helper T Cells
Primary Infection
Flu-like Symptoms
Lymphadenopathy
Symptomatic Stage
Fatigue
Diarrhea
Unexplained Weight Loss
White Spots on Tongue
Persistent Fever
Night Sweats
2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Interventions
Interventions
Adequate Nutrition
Small Frequent Meals
IV Hydration
Emotional Support
HIV Medications
HAART
Considerations
Transmission Education
Strict Asepsis for Invasive Procedures
Treat Opportunistic Infections
2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Diagnosis
HIV-1/2 Antigen/Antibody Immunoassay
HIV-1/2 Antibody Differentiation Immunoassay
Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT)
Viral Load
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Neonates
3 mins
Toxoplasma gondii TORCH
Signs and Symptoms
Congenital TORCH Infection
Mom Usually Asymptomatic
Rarely Lymphadenopathy
Nonspecific TORCH Signs
Intrauterine Growth Retardation
Hepatosplenomegaly
Deafness
Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Diagnosis
Calcifications
1 min
NRTIs for HIV (Drug Names)
Nucleoside Analog
DEALSZ
Didanosine (DDI)
Emtricitabine (FTC)
Abacavir (ABC)
Lamivudine (3TC)
Stavudine (d4T)
Zidovudine (ZDV)
Nucleotide Analog
Tenofovir (TDF)
2 mins
NNRTI Drug Names
Nevirapine (Viramune)
Rilpivirine (Edurant)
Delavirdine (DLV, Rescriptor)
Efavirenz (EFV, Sustiva)
Etravirine (ETR, Intelence)
54 secs
Cancer Warning Signs (CAUTION)
CAUTION
Change in Bowel or Bladder Habits
A Sore That Does Not Heal
Unusual Bleeding or Discharge
Thickening or Lump in the Breast or Elsewhere
Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
Obvious Change to Warts or Moles
Nagging Cough
1 min
Wilms' Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
Cause
Malignant Renal Tumor
Assessment
Abdominal Mass
Hematuria
Fever
Hypertension
Interventions
Nephrectomy
Chemotherapy
Radiation
Considerations
Do Not Palpate Abdomen
Children Under 5 Years Old
2 mins
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