Silvester Shared "PHYS2 B1" - 44 Picmonics
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PHYS2 B1
Graves' Disease Labs and Treatment
- Labs
- Decreased TSH
- Increased T3
- Increased T4
- Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU)
- Treatment
- Beta blocker
- Methimazole
- Radioiodine Ablation
1 min
Addison's Disease
- Mechanism
- Chronic 1° Adrenal Insufficiency
- Atrophy
- Destruction
- Symptoms
- Deficiency In Cortisol And Aldosterone
- Skin Hyperpigmentation
- Increased POMC
- Hypotension
- Hyperkalemia
- Acidosis
- Addisonian Crisis
- Diagnosis
- ACTH (Cosyntropin) Stimulation Test
- Treatment
- Exogenous Cortisol
2 mins
Cushing's Syndrome Characteristics
- More Common in Women
- Exogenous Etiologies
- Glucocorticoids
- Endogenous Etiologies
- Decreased ACTH
- Primary Adrenal Disease
- Increased ACTH
- Pituitary Adenoma (Cushing's Disease)
- Paraneoplastic: Small Cell Carcinoma
- CRF-releasing Tumors
2 mins
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
- Symptoms
- Hypothyroidism with Bouts of Hyperthyroidism
- Enlarged, Nontender Thyroid
- Mechanism
- Autoimmune
- Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO)
- Anti-Thyroglobulin
- Lab Findings
- Hurthle Cells
- Lymphoid Follicles
- Associations
- HLA-DR5 and HLA-DR3
- Increased Risk Of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
2 mins
11 Beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Pathophysiology
- Decreased Cortisol
- Decreased Aldosterone
- Increased Sex Hormones
- Increased 11 Deoxycorticosterone (11 DOC)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hypertension
- Masculinization
1 min
21 Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Pathophysiology
- Decreased Cortisol
- Increased 17 Hydroxyprogesterone
- Decreased Aldosterone
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hypotension
- Increased Renin
- Hyperkalemia
- Female Pseudohermaphroditism
2 mins
17 Alpha Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Decreased Cortisol
- Decreased Sex Hormones
- Increased Mineralocorticoids (DOC)
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- XY Externally Phenotypic Female
- No Internal Reproductive Structures Due to Mullerian Inhibitory Factor
- XX Externally Phenotypic Female
- Sexual Infantilism
2 mins
Vitamin D Metabolism/Mechanism
- Mechanism Of Action
- Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)
- Plant Sources
- Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
- Sunlight Conversion in Skin
- 7-Dehydrocholesterol
- Liver Hydroxylation
- 25-(OH) D (25-hydroxyvitamin D)
- Storage Form
- Kidney Hydroxylation
- 1,25-(OH)2 D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D)
- Active Form Calcitriol
- Absorbs Calcium and Phosphorus in Intestine
4 mins
Conn's syndrome (primary aldosteronism)
- Tumor in the zona glomerulosa
- Increased aldosterone
- Increased Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- Decreased plasma renin
- polyuria
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Muscle Weakness
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Mechanism
- Mechanism
- Hyperinsulinemia Increases GnRH Pulse Frequency
- Large Increase in LH
- Small Decrease in FSH
- Increased Androgen Production From Theca-Lutein Cells
- Decreased Steroid Hormone-Binding-Globulin (SHBG) Causes Increased Free Testosterone
- Obese Patients Have Increased Estrogen
- Increased Risk of Endometrial Cancer
2 mins
Klinefelter's Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Male (XXY)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Eunuchoid Body Shape
- Gynecomastia and Female Hair Distribution
- Testicular Atrophy
- Dysgenesis of Seminiferous Tubules
- Possible Developmental Delay
- Hypogonadism
- Decreased Inhibin B
- Increased FSH
- Abnormal Leydig Cell Function
- Decreased Testosterone
- Increased LH
- Increased Estrogen
- Barr body (inactivated X chromosome)
6 mins
Androgen Insensitivity (Complete)
- Defect in Androgen Receptor
- Phenotypically Female
- (46, XY)
- Female External Genitalia
- Rudimentary Vagina
- Scant Sexual Hair
- Testes Often in Labia Majora
- Testes Surgically Removed to Prevent Malignancy
- Increased Estrogen, Testosterone, and LH
- Absent Uterus and Fallopian Tubes
3 mins
5 Alpha Reductase Deficiency
- Autosomal Recessive
- Inability to Convert Testosterone to DHT
- Normal Internal Genitalia
- Ambiguous External Genitalia until Puberty
- Masculinization During Puberty with Growth of External Genitalia
- LH can be Increased
- Normal Estrogen, LH, and Testosterone levels
2 mins
Hyperthyroidism Assessment
- Assessment
- Heat Intolerance
- Exophthalmos
- Warm, Moist Skin and Silky Hair
- Tremors
- Goiter
- Diarrhea
- Weight Loss
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Amenorrhea
- Diagnosis
- Decreased TSH with Elevated Free T4
- Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU)
2 mins
Hypoparathyroidism
- Assessment
- Hypocalcemia
- Lethargy
- Tetany
- Arrhythmias
- Diagnostic Tests
- Decreased Calcium and Increased Phosphorus
- Considerations
- IV Calcium Chloride
- Rebreather Mask
- Lifelong Medications
- Oral Calcium Supplements with Vitamin D
2 mins
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
- Assessment
- Hypercalcemia
- Kidney Stones
- Osteoporosis
- Arrhythmias
- Diagnostic Tests
- Increased Calcium and Decreased Phosphorus
- Considerations
- Prevent Injury
- Medication Education
- Surgery
1 min
Thyroid Function Screening Tests
- If TSH High
- Free T4 (FT4)
- If TSH Low
- Free T4 (FT4) and T3 (Triiodothyronine)
- Consider Serum Total T4 (Thyroxine)
- Considerations
- Only Total T4 Increases in Pregnancy
- T4 is Converted to T3
- Avoid for Inpatient Screening
2 mins
Ejaculation Pathway
- SEVEn UP
- Seminiferous Tubules
- Epididymis
- Vas Deferens
- Ejaculatory Ducts
- Urethra
- Penis
1 min
Ovulatory Hormones I - Follicular Phase
- Characteristics
- 0-14 Days
- GnRH Stimulates FSH and LH
- Follicle Secretes Estrogen
- Negative Feedback from Estrogen
- Increased Estrogen Leads to Positive Feedback
- FSH and LH Surge
- LH Spike Leads to Ovulation
2 mins
Ovulatory Hormones II - Luteal Phase
- Days 15-28
- Corpus Luteum
- Secretes Progesterone
- Negative Feedback inhibits FSH and LH
- No pregnancy forms Corpus Albicans
- Stops Estrogen Secretion
- Endometrial Sloughing - Menses
- GnRH secretion produces new follicular phase
2 mins
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