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Kimberly Shared "CHEM 107 | CHEMISTRY OF LIFE" - 133 Picmonics

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CHEM 107 | CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

Hydrogen Bonds
Stronger than London Dispersion Forces
Stronger than Dipole-Dipole Interactions
Hydrogen is bound to a Highly Electronegative Atom
Hydrogen has a Partial Positive Charge
Electronegative Atom has a Partial Negative Charge
Partial Positives Interact with Partial Negatives
Hydrogen Bonds Increase Boiling Point
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1 min
Spontaneous vs. Nonspontaneous
Spontaneous at Low Temperatures
ΔH is Negative
ΔS is Negative
Spontaneous at High Temperatures
ΔH is Positive
ΔS is Positive
Spontaneous at All Temperatures
ΔH is Negative
ΔS is Positive
Nonspontaneous at All Temperatures
ΔH is Positive
ΔS is Negative
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2 mins
Gibbs Free Energy
ΔG = ΔH-TΔS
If ΔG is Negative, the reaction is Spontaneous
If ΔG is 0, the reaction is at Equilibrium
If ΔG is Positive, the reaction is Nonspontaneous
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58 secs
Biological classification
Life
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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41 secs
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Constant Allele and Genotype frequencies with no evolutionary forces
Conditions for Equilibrium
No selection
Large population
No migration
Random mating
No net mutations
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55 secs
Cell Components
Cell membrane separates inside and outside
Nucleus stores DNA
Rough ER has ribosomes making proteins
Vesicles transport proteins to Golgi complex and out of the cell
Golgi complex packages and transports molecules
In animals, mitochondria produce ATP
In plants chloroplasts create carbohydrates
In Plants Mitochondria Consume Carbohydrates to Make ATP
Smooth ER synthesizes lipids
Lysosomes are used for recycling and apoptosis
Vacuoles are used for storing waste and toxins
Ribosomes produce protein
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2 mins
Eye
Characteristics
Sclera
Cornea
Iris
Lens
Ciliary Muscles
Optic Nerve
Rods
Cones
Retina
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1 min
Scientific Method
Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Hypothesis Rejected
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2 mins
First Law of Thermodynamics
Closed System
Dynamics
Energy
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1 min
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy
Energy
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2 mins
Third Law of Thermodynamics
Crystal, Third Law
Entropy
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2 mins
Prokaryotes
Capsule Shaped Cell
DNA stored in rings
Flagella
No nucleus and sometimes photosynthetic (solar powered)
Cytoskeleton
Ribosome
Plasma Membrane
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2 mins
Eukaryote
Nucleus
Lysosomes and Peroxisomes
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Plasma membrane
Eukaryote's general shape
Nuclear envelope (membrane)
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2 mins
Plant Cell
Eukaryotes
Central vacuole
Sunlight
Green Chlorophyll
Plasma Membrane
Cell Walls
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2 mins
Plasma Membrane
Extracellular
Glycoprotein and Glycolipids
Carbohydrate
Hydrophobic Proteins
Alpha-Helix Protein
Globular-protein
Hydrophilic Protein
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2 mins
Nucleus
DNA
Chromosomes
46 Chromosomes
Proteins
Nuclear Envelope Pore
mRNA
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2 mins
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lumen
Nucleus
mRNA
Nucleotide
Translation
Codons
tRNA
Attached Ribosome
Golgi Apparatus
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2 mins
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lipid Processing
Golgi Apparatus
mRNA
Fat
Detoxify
Steroids
Lipids
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2 mins
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Body
Flattened Membranes
Cis Face
Trans face
Golgi Apparatus
Exiting the Cell
Antibodies
Neurotransmitters
Secretory
Lysosomes
Cellular Waste
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2 mins
Lysosomes
Hydrolytic
Cellular Waste
Programmed Cell Death
Invasive Organisms
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Cytoplasm
Tay-Sachs Disease
Build Up of Toxic Fat
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2 mins

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