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Raegan Shared "MSK" - 73 Picmonics

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MSK

Osteosarcoma
Pathophysiology
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Peak incidence men 10-20 years old
Metaphysis of Long Bones
Knee Region
Radiation
Familial Retinoblastoma
Paget's Disease
Diagnosis
Codman Triangle
Sunburst Pattern from Elevated Periosteum
Grave Prognosis
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2 mins
Chondrosarcoma
Pathophysiology
Cartilaginous tumor
Malignant
Men 30-60 years old
Pelvic and femur bones
Signs & Symptoms
Glistening mass in medullary cavity
Can be primary in origin or from osteochondroma
Metastasize to lungs
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1 min
Ewing's Sarcoma
Epidemiology
Most Common in Boys < 15 years old
Pathophysiology
11;22 Translocation
Characteristics
Long bones, Pelvis, Ribs
Diaphysis
Small Blue Cells
Malignant
Aggressive
Onion-skin Appearance
TREATMENT
Responsive to Chemotherapy
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2 mins
Giant Cell Tumor
Pathophysiology
Osteoclastoma
Epiphyseal End of Long Bones
Peak Incidence 20-40 Years
Benign
Knee Region
Diagnosis
Soap Bubble Appearance on X-ray
Spindle-shaped Cells
Multinucleated Giant Cells
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46 secs
Osteochondroma
Characteristics
Most Common Benign Bone Tumor
Males Under 25
Cartilage-capped Spurs
Metaphysis of Long Bones
Small Risk of Chondrosarcoma
Clinical Features
Painless Mass near Joint
Painful if Growing or Malignant
Workup
X-Ray
MRI if Concern for Malignancy or Functional Limitation
Management
Monitoring
Surgery
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3 mins
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Characteristics
Antigen Presentation Defect
Lytic Bone Lesions
Skull
Presentation
Hypopituitarism
Diabetes Insipidus
Skin Rash
Recurrent Otitis Media
Diagnosis
Birbeck Granules
"Tennis Racket" Appearance
S100 Positive
Management
Observation
Prednisone +/- Vinblastine
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4 mins
Osteoid Osteoma and Osteoblastoma
Characteristics
Benign Bone Tumors
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteoid Osteoma
Cortex of Long Bones
Pain Relieved by NSAIDs
Pain Worse at Night
<2 cm
Radiolucent Nidus with Surrounding Sclerosis
Osteoblastoma
Osteoblastoma
Spine
Pain Not Relieved by NSAIDs
> 2 cm
Radiolucent Nidus without Surrounding Sclerosis
Management
Surgery
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3 mins
Osteoma
Benign
Cortex
Compact and Wavy (Trabecular) Bone
Skull and Paranasal Sinuses
Symptoms are Variable
ASSOCIATIONS
Gardner Syndrome
Tuberous Sclerosis
CHARACTERISTICS
Lesions with Density Identical to the Cortex
TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
Observation
No Malignant Transformation
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3 mins
Vitamin D Deficiency
Signs & Symptoms
Rickets in children
Bending bones
Rachitic rosary
Breast milk has decreased vitamin D
Osteomalacia in adults
Tetany from Hypocalcemia
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2 mins
Osteopetrosis (Marble Bone Disease)
Pathophysiology
Defective Osteoclast Resorption
Carbonic Anhydrase II Mutation
Lack of Acidic Environment
Symptoms
Fractures
Nerve Palsies
Diagnosis
Myelophthisic Anemia
Erlenmeyer Flask Bones
Normal ALP and PTH
Normal Calcium and Phosphorus
Bone-in-bone Appearance
Treatment
Bone Marrow Transplant
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2 mins
Paget's Disease of Bone
Pathophysiology
Men > Age 40
Increased Osteoblast and Osteoclast activity
Mosaic Pattern
Signs and Symptoms
Increased Skull Diameter
Hearing Loss
Fractures
Bone Ache and Joint Pain
High Output Heart Failure
Diagnosis
Bone Scan
Normal Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Calcium
Elevated ALP
Treatment
Bisphosphonate
Calcitonin
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2 mins
Renal Osteodystrophy
Pathophysiology
Chronic Kidney Disease
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypocalcemia
Decreased Calcitriol
Clinical Features
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Management
Treating Underlying Disorder
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2 mins
Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1A
Characteristics
Defect in PTH Receptor
Increased PTH
Hypocalcemia and Hyperphosphatemia
Autosomal Dominant
Mutation in GNAS Gene
Maternal Imprinting
Clinical Features
Short Stature
Shortened 4th Fingers
Developmental Delay
Subcutaneous Calcifications
Tetany
Seizures
Management
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation
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3 mins
Deep Gluteal Muscles
General Action
Lateral Rotation and Abduction
Muscles
Gluteus Minimus
Medially Rotates Leg
Piriformis
Superior Gemellus
Obturator Internus
Inferior Gemellus
Quadratus Femoris
Other Structures
Sacrotuberous Ligament
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1 min
Hand Muscles
Characteristics
Opponens Pollicis
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Abductor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Opponens Digiti Minimi
Lumbricals
Interossei (Palmar and Dorsal)
Palmaris Brevis
Adductor Pollicis
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2 mins
Rotator Cuff
External Rotation
Teres Minor
Infraspinatus
Internal Rotation
Subscapularis
Abduction
Supraspinatus
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1 min
Upper Limb - Arm Muscles
Anterior Superficial Muscles
Biceps Brachii
Anterior Deep Muscles
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Posterior Superficial Muscles
Long Head of Triceps Brachii
Lateral Head of Triceps Brachii
Posterior Deep Muscles
Medial Head of Triceps Brachii
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2 mins
Upper Limb - Anterior Forearm Muscles
Superficial Muscles
Pronator Teres
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Intermediate Muscles
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Deep Muscles
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Pronator Quadratus
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2 mins
Anterior Thigh Muscles
Innervation
Femoral Nerve
Muscles
Iliopsoas
Psoas Innervated by L1-3
Sartorius
Pectineus
Quadriceps Femoris
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Medialis
Rectus Femoris
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2 mins
Posterior Thigh Muscles
Innervation
Sciatic Nerve
Muscles
Biceps Femoris
Long and Short Head
Flex Knee
Extend Hip
Laterally Rotate Hip
Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus
Flex Knee
Extend Thigh
Medially Rotate Thigh and Leg
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1 min

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